2. Conditions Required for Formation Warm, Humid Air (mT air mass) Warm, Humid Air (mT air mass) –form over tropical oceans Warm Water; 80 F Warm Water; 80 F Mainly form in the Fall; off the coast of Africa Mainly form in the Fall; off the coast of Africa

4. Why do Hurricanes travel from east to west? None at the Equator!

5. The Stages of a Hurricane (based on changes in wind speed) 1. Tropical Depression (L pressure system) 2. Tropical Storm- gets a name (39-74 mph) 3. Hurricane (over 74 mph)

8. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Damage Scale

9. Also Known as… Typhoons in the western PacificTyphoons in the western Pacific Cyclones in Australia/Indian oceanCyclones in Australia/Indian ocean Hurricanes in the AtlanticHurricanes in the Atlantic

10. 2011 Atlantic hurricane season First storm formedJune 28, 2011 Last storm dissipatedNovember 12, 2011 Strongest storm OpheliaOphelia – 940 mbar (27.77 in Hg), 140 mph (220 km/h)mbarin Hg Total depressions20 Total storms19 Hurricanes7 Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+)Cat. 3+3 Total fatalities100 direct, 14 indirect Total damage $12.2 billion

11. Timeline of 2011 hurricanes

12. Irene; cat 4 Aug. 20-28 55 dead; 10 billion $ damage

13. Katia- Aug. 25- Sept. 10; cat.4

14. Hurricane Ophelia Sept.. 2011 cat. 4

15. Parts of a hurricane eye - 20-50 eye - 20-50 –light winds –Air sinking –clear/broken clouds eye wall eye wall –very strong winds –ring of intense thunderstorms

16. Parts of a hurricane (cont.) Spiral Rain bands- heavy rain; wind Spiral Rain bands- heavy rain; wind

17. Cross section of a hurricane Cross section of a hurricane Eye Wall

18. Do Hurricanes affect Detroit? Just rain Just rain

21. Hurricane Damage!

22. Hurricane Damage due to wind and water due to wind and water rains can cause flooding and mud slides rains can cause flooding and mud slides Most deaths are due to the storm surge Most deaths are due to the storm surge

23. Gulf Shores, AL (after Hurricane Ivan 2004)

24. Power of Wind

25. Andrew 1992

26. Ivan 2004

27. Iris 1991

28. STORM SURGE OCEAN WATER SUCKED UPWARD

29. Katrina’s storm surge

30. Factors Affecting Storm Surge shape of the coastline shape of the coastline the magnitude of the hurricane the magnitude of the hurricane http://www.comet.ucar.edu/nsflab/web/hurricane/313.htm

31. What to do if a hurricane warning is issued? LEAVE THE AREA

32. Hurricane forecasting Satellites are most useful in detecting where hurricanes are Satellites are most useful in detecting where hurricanes are To predict direction they will go… To predict direction they will go… –Fronts –Water temp. –Wind directions –Still fickle!

33. Hurricane Dissolving storm passes over cooler waters OR storm passes over cooler waters OR storm makes landfall storm makes landfall Once the warm water is gone so is the hurricane!

34. What Determines What is the Worst Hurricane? Winds ?? Deaths ?? Cost ??

35. Most Powerful Atlantic Hurricanes

36. Wilma- Oct. 2005 lowest recorded pressure= 26.04” Wilma 2005

37. Deadliest Atlantic Hurricanes

38. Galveston 1900-deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history

39. Costliest Atlantic Hurricanes Katrina- estimated $80 billion

40. Andrew 1992

41. Cost of hurricane damage is increasing because…. More people are moving to hurricane prone areas! More people are moving to hurricane prone areas!

42. So, Which is Worse? HurricaneAndrew The Urban Storm 15 deaths 15 deaths $26 billion in damage $26 billion in damage HurricaneMitch The Rural Storm 11,000 deaths 11,000 deaths very little monetary damage very little monetary damage

43. HURRICANE KATRINA 2005

48. Levees broke Added to flooding Added to flooding New O. below sea level! New O. below sea level!

56. Gulfport, Mississippi Wind side of storm Wind side of storm