1. 1 Emerging issues - 2004 Titus Spoelstra ESF Committee on Radio Astronomy Frequencies P.O.Box 2, 7990AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands Email: spoelstra@astron.nl, URL: http://www.astron.nl/crafspoelstra@astron.nlhttp://www.astron.nl/craf

2. 2 2004 - 1 WRC-07 – Cohen, Rommen Ultra-Wide band transmissions (UWB) - Meens Vehicular Short Range Radar (SRR) - Wolf Broadcasting re-planning - revision of Stockholm 1961 agreement: DVB-T

3. 3 2004 - 2 Power Line Communications (PLC) Interference temperature Iridium satellite system GPS L3 transmissions at 1381 MHz AGORA European Commission

4. 4 WRC-07 issues (EESS/SR passive) 1.2: passive space services ~10.6 and ~18 GHz; 1.8: High Altitude Platform Stations in the bands 27.5-28.35, 31-31.3, 47.2-47.5 and 47.9-48.2 GHz; 1.17: fixed-satellite service around 1.4 GHz; 1.20: unwanted emissions

5. 5 WRC-07 issues (RAS) 1.8: High Altitude Platform Stations in the bands 27.5-28.35, 31-31.3, 47.2-47.5 and 47.9-48.2 GHz; 1.9: use of the band 2 500-2 690 MHz by space services (e.g. IMT-2000 issues); 1.11: BSS in the band 620-790 MHz; 1.17: fixed-satellite service around 1.4 GHz; 1.21: unwanted emissions

6. 6 WRC-07 preparations Work in ITU-R and CEPT groups required

7. 7 Ultra-Wide Band technology Great concern about the impact of UWB on a range of radiocommunication services FCC spectrum mask protects GPS only Draft CEPT ECC Report on UWB in public consultation CEPT WG SE has endorsed clearly the reading of RR.5.340 of the ITU-R RRB ITU-R TG1/8 addresses the issue at ITU level

8. 8 Vehicular Short Range Radar Major concerns from passive services and several active services/users against SRR at ~24 GHz Compatibility study available as ECC Report 23. CEPT ECC has taken a decision on SRR at 24 GHz in July 2004  major concern from passive services European Commission SRCOM wished to relax CEPT conclusions in favor of industry (Fall 2004)

9. 9 Digital broadcasting Broadcasting re-planning (RRC-06) - revision of Stockholm 1961 agreement: DVB-T

10. 10 Power Line Communication Frequency range up to 30 MHz (to several GHz!) Draft ECC Report on PLC issues (<= 30 MHz) includes protection criteria for RAS (Rec. ITU-R RA.769 for the RAS bands below 30 MHz) – currently there is no formal ECC Report on this issue EC Recommendation and standard development (ETSI/CENELEC) may well deviate significantly from Report; reason: existing legislation in some European countries – matter of great CONCERN (-> e.g. LOFAR = PLC limited)

11. 11 0,1 110 100 20 10 30 40 50 60 80 100 1000 frequencies in MHz 70 90 30 MHz LongwaveMedium- wave ShortwaveVHF Option 2: measurement of conducted limits (EN55022) or as an alternative the radiated field (limit „NB30 +10dB...+30dB“) Option 2 (NB30 + 10dB...+30 dB) Option 3 NB30- limits dBµV/m UHF Option 3: measurement of conducted limits (EN55022) or as an alternative the radiated field (NB30- limits) SE(04)088Annex 1

12. 12 Interference temperature “measure of RF power generated by undesired emitters plus noise sources that are present in a receiver system (I+N) per unit of bandwidth”. Distance from licensed transmitting antenna Licensed Signal New Opportunities for Spectrum Access Original Noise Floor Power at Receiver Figure1 Interference Temperature Limit

13. 13 Iridium 1 January 2006: spfd in the band 1610.6-1613.8 MHz at radio astronomy station below Recommendation ITU-R RA.769. Concern - 1: After few years of operation ‘New’ Iridium has not clarified to comply with agreements with ESF/CRAF and CEPT Recommendations. Concern – 2: Frequency band available for Iridium has been enlarged.

14. 14 Intensity of the interference signal from GPS L3 observed through the far sidelobes) at the WSRT on August 25/26, 2002. The figure shows a detailed spectrum in two linear polarization channels (noted as XX and YY) for an integration time of 0.8 minutes. The amplitude scale is in arbitrary units; the astronomical signal of interest occurs at a level of 0.005 (!) only on this scale. Note that the signal rings throughout the entire 20 MHz band that is displayed GPS L3

15. 15 AGORA AGORA network (broadband multimedia): ~22 GHz (space-to-Earth) and ~ 30 GHz (Earth-to-space) -> FM34

16. 16 European Commission - 1 Political parameters: Unit of interference = € Protection of victim service ~ 1/(loss in € for that service (L € ) ) If L € < I € : new development has support (I € : expected/projected commercial interest)

17. 17 European Commission - 2 What is the economic/commercial value of an observation, e.g per time unit? V o€ = (I + O + pA)/t where I = investment budget (e.g. EU money) O = operational budget (different sources) A = added value from observation data (????) t = time p = political factor (lobby!)

18. 18 European Commission – some political questions What is loss of A if an observation is lost? (note: if A = 0, funding is completed with I; O is for different purposes, e.g. education or papers) Can we explain the necessity of specific observations and the implications of their loss in €? Do passive services really need all the frequencies for which they have an allocation? Do passive services need their frequencies all the time? Can passive services indicate which frequencies are no longer necessary? Or have less priority?