1. The Effect of Temperature and Sodium Bicarbonate on E. coli Sonja Berger – Fraser High School Najah Mubashira – Warren Mott High School

2. Words to Know Agar Fleaker Dilutions Inoculation Sodium Bicarbonate Transfer Loop Berger - Mubashira

3. Bacteria in the Body Your body consists of 10 trillion cells. Your gut has 100 trillion microorganisms. 10 times more bacteria than cells. The gut flora help in the digestion process. One of these species of microorganisms are E. coli. Berger - Mubashira

4. E. coli Escherichia coli Breaks down food Extracts nutrients from the food o Vitamins K, B, and B- complex http://www.inhabitat.com/wp-content/uploads/e.coli-ed01.jpg Berger - Mubashira

5. Where Is It Found? Large intestines Feces Water Systems Food http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Inte stine-diagram.svg/250px-Intestine-diagram.svg.png Berger - Mubashira

6. Friend or Foe? Human digestion Food poisoning Water contamination Berger - Mubashira

7. In the Large Intestines Berger - Mubashira

8. Irrigation systems Municipal Water Ways Food items get processed E. coli Through Water Systems Through the sewer Berger - Mubashira

9. Question Presented in different conditions, in which condition does E. coli grow best? Different pH level Different temperature Sodium bicarbonate levels Temperature levels Berger - Mubashira

10. Sodium Bicarbonate NaHCO 3 Increases pH level Alkaline salt Kills Bacteria Found in Baking Soda Berger - Mubashira

11. Sodium Bicarbonate and E. coli pH 6 o 0 grams of sodium bicarbonate pH 7 o pH of water o Neutral o Optimal pH level to grow E. coli o 0.51 grams of sodium bicarbonate pH 8 o Kills more bacteria o 1 gram of sodium bicarbonate Berger - Mubashira

12. Temperature Ideal temperature for E. coli growth is 37°C. Bacteria like warm temperatures Low and high levels Optimal temperature growth range o 25 °C – 40 °C More bacteria would grow in 38°C Berger - Mubashira

13. Hypothesis If the temperature of the incubator is at its highest temperature, 38°C, and the sodium bicarbonate is at 0 grams, then the Escherichia coli will have its highest growth rate. Berger - Mubashira

14. Design of Experimental Values Amount of Sodium Bicarbonate used Temperatures at which DOEs were placed Sodium bicarbonate (g)Temperature (°C) -Standar d +- + 0.511363738 Berger - Mubashira

15. Experiment Overview Agar – to grow the E. coli on Add sodium bicarbonate to agar Dilute bacteria Place in incubators set at 36 °C, 37 °C, 38 °C After 24 hrs, count colonies with the unaided eye Berger - Mubashira

16. Dilutions Video Berger - Mubashira

17. Average Number of Colonies Grown The (-, -) group grew the most E. coli colonies with 6,051 colonies on average. The (+, -) group grew the least amount of colonies with 58 colonies on average. DOE E. Coli Colonies (Sodium Bicarbonate, Temperature) (+, +)(+, -)(-, +)(-, -)Standard Average9858174860511170 Berger - Mubashira

18. Standards Graph Berger - Mubashira

19. Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate As sodium bicarbonate increases, colonies decrease by 3821 colonies. Berger - Mubashira

20. Effect of Temperature As temperature increased, the number of colonies decreased by 2131. Berger - Mubashira

21. Interaction Effect The slopes differ, meaning there is an interaction effect. Berger - Mubashira

22. Interaction Effect Berger - Mubashira

23. What Does This Mean? The results show that higher sodium bicarbonate has a negative growth affect on E. coli Sodium bicarbonate is an alkaline salt and salt kills bacteria. E. coli like it better in more acidic environments than alkaline. E. coli prefer temperatures closer at about 36°C. Berger - Mubashira

24. Results The original hypothesis that the colonies would grow best at low sodium bicarbonate and high temperature, (-, +), was rejected. The colonies in the (-, -) low sodium bicarbonate and low temperature Petri dishes grew the most. The high sodium bicarbonate low temperature (+, - ) grew the least amount of E. coli. Berger - Mubashira

25. Design Flaws and Errors Some trials were tested on different days There was extra bacteria in the (+, +) DOEs in trial 3 Limit on balances Sodium bicarbonate measuremets Berger - Mubashira

26. Real World Connection Use alkaline pH level materials to kill bacteria Body pH lessens Bacteria overgrowth Berger - Mubashira

27. Further Research More time Wider range of E. coli Wider range of pH Wider range in temperature Be consistent with the materials used Berger - Mubashira

28. Acknowledgements Mrs. Tuyen C. Duddles Cathleen Saraza Kristen Lidwell Patrick Osantowske Andrew DeSantis Jacob Arche Evan Gonzales Berger - Mubashira

29. Works Cited Images o http://photos3.fotosearch.com/bthumb/CSP/CSP301/k3017217.jpg o http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/moder_just/Images/96444A.jpg o http://www.clipartoday.com/_thumbs/011/agriculture/farm22_000416_tns.png o http://www.wiganleigh.nhs.uk/cancerservices/Images/familycartoon.gif o http://www.visualphotos.com/photo/2x2241336/large_intestine_1574r-018866.jpg Berger - Mubashira

30. Works Cited “Bacteria - Characteristics of Bacteria” science.jrank.org Net Industries and Its Licensors. 28 February 2011. Web. 31 January 2011 Baker, Ron. “E. coli Culturing.” newton.dep.anl.gov/ University of Chicago Newton BBS 15 December 2005. 28 February 2011. Web. 29 January 2011 <http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/mole00/ mole00676.htm> “E. coli Facts.” ota.com. Organic Trade Association. 17 February 2011. Web. 30 January 2011 “E. coli – Just the Facts” http://www.professorshouse.com.2000. Web. 20 March 2011. <http://www.professorshouse.com/Food-Beverage/Topics/ General/Articles/E--Coli---Just-the-Facts/> Don, Sarah. “Optimal Conditions for the Growth of E. coli.” scribd.com/. Scribd Inc. 25 January 2009. Web. 28 January 2011. <http://www.scribd.com/doc/11337868/ Optimal-Conditions-for-the-Growth-of-E-Coli> Berger - Mubashira

31. Works Cited Hargreaves, Richard. “Alkaline Salt - Sodium bicarbonate (bicarb soda)” ironpower.biz Ironpower. 2008. Web. 28 January 2011 Kimball, J. “The Human Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract” John W. Kimball. 2011. Web. 5 February 2011. Santa, Janin. “The Effect of Temperature on Bacterial Growth” ehow.com. Demand Media, Inc. 28 February 2011. Web. 28 January 2011. <http://www.ehow.com/ about_5418872_effect-temperature-bacterial-growth.html> Williams, Martin. “How to Grow E. Coli in a Petri Dish” Demand Media, Inc. 28 February 2011. Web. 2 February 2011 <http://www.ehow.com/ how_5534225_grow-ecoli-petri-dish.html> “What is normal body temperature?” officialhealthcentral.com OfficialHealthCentral. 14 January 2011. Web. 26 January 2011. Berger - Mubashira

32. Any Questions?? Berger - Mubashira