1. Unit 12 Conclusion + NL - cont. + student presentation 18th May 2005, Laura Laubeova laubeova@fsv.cuni.cz www.tolerance.cz

2. The Netherlands 16 mil. Immigrants of Western descent: 1, 4 mil. (8%) Immigrants of non-Western descent: 1, 6 mil. (incl. 2nd generation) – 10% Total immigrants 18 %

3. Classic groups Turkey331 0002% Suriname315 000 Morocco284 000 Antilles/Aruba125 000

4. New Groups Iraq41 000 Afghanistan31 000 Somalia29 000 Iran27 000 Cf Rotterdam figures!

5. Integration policy: Coordination: Ministry of Justice (Minister for Immigration and Integration) + other ministries Implementation municipalities

6. Integration system: Obligatory programmes for „newcomers“ 20 000 newcomers every year Voluntary programmes for „oldcomers“ Stock of about 464 000 oldcomers

7. Newcomers Integration Act (30 Sept. 1998) Policy document on oldcomers (June 2001) Dual paths Funding: Newcomers: 177 million Euro (2001) Oldcomers: 100 million Euro (2002)

8. Antidiscrimination: Equal treatment legislation since 1994 The Equal Treatment Act (ETA)/ The Equal Treatment Commission (semi-judicial) Race+ ethnic origin, religion, belief, political opinion, nationality, sexual orientation and civil status (not handicap and age- cf. EC Framework Directive)

9. ETA Allows positive action as an exception to the general prohibition of unequal treatment: „prohibition shall not apply if the discrimination is aimed at putting members of ethnic and cultural minorities in a privileged position, in order to eliminate or reduce de facto inequalities. This preferential treatment has to be reasonably proportionate to that aim, and it should be abolished when equality is reached.

10. Wet SAMEN Act on the stimulation of labour participation of ethnic minorities (Wet SAMEN): Required organisations to reach proportionate participation of ethnic minorities in their staff. Wet SAMEN implemented Section 2.2 of ICERD- The objectives of various laws include reaching de facto equality of minority groups on the labour market.

11. Rotterdam 600.000 inhabitants second half of the 19th century, thousands of labourers mostly from the rural provinces harbour related activities, Ruhr-area WWI refugees. 20`s immigration diversified, eg Chinese also East and Central Europe, who originally came to catch the boat to America, but decided to stay.

12. Table 1 Population Rotterdam 1-1-2001 (Based on ethnicity, not nationality) Total population595.389100% Total immigrants266.814 45% Immigrants: Ethnic minorities*174.131 29% Other poor countries 41.380 7% Other rich countries51.303 9%

13. *Ethnic minorities Surinamese51.100 9% Turks41.467 7% Moroccans31.646 5% Antilleans17.847 3% Cape-Verdians14.650 2% Other South-Europe17.421 3%

14. Table 2. Population Netherlands 1-1-2002 (Based on ethnicity, not nationality) Total population16.105.000100% Total immigrants 2.965.000 18% Western immigrants1.407.000 8% Non-western immigrants 1.558.000 10% Turks 331.000 2% Surinamese 315.000 Moroccans 284.000 Antilleans 125.000

16. Policy change?