1. World Population Chapter 4, Section 1

2. Population Growth  6.2 billion people now live on Earth, inhabiting about 30% of the planet’s land  Global population expected to be 7.8 billion by 2025.  The amount of people more than doubled between 1800 and 1950

3. Growth Rates  Global population is growing rapidly because birthrates have not declined as fast as death rates (people are living longer)  Birthrate- number of births per year for every 1000 people

4.  Demography- study of populations  Natural increase- “growth rate”  Deaths rates have decrease in many places because of improved health care, more abundant food supplies, advances in technology, & better living conditions

5.  Zero Population Growth- when the birthrate and death rate are equal  Many countries in Asia, Africa, & Latin America have high birthrates  Doubling Time- number of years it takes a population to double in size -Only about 25 yrs in some Asian, African, and Latin American countries -More than 300 yrs in wealthy, industrialized countries

6. Challenges of Population Growth  Difficulty producing enough food  Shortages of food, water, housing, and clothing  Some populations are unevenly distributed by age, with majority of some countries’ populations being infants & children that can’t contribute to food production

7. Negative Population Growth  Negative Population Growth- annual death rate exceeds the annual birthrate Examples: Hungary & Germany  Difficult to find enough workers to keep economy going  Labor must be recruited from other countries, often by encouraging immigration

8. Population Distribution  Population Distribution- pattern of human settlement  Population Distribution is related to the Earth’s geography -high mountain peaks, deserts, & frozen tundra make human activity very difficult

9.  Most people live where fertile soil, available water, and a climate without harsh extremes make human life sustainable  Europe and Asia are the most densely populated continents  Asia alone contains more than 60% of the world’s population  Metropolitan areas- cities & surrounding areas

10. Population Density  Population Density- average number of people living on a square mile or square kilometer of land  To determine PD, divide the total population of the country by its total land area

11.  Population density varies widely from country to country  Canada has a low population density of about 8 people per square mile  Bangladesh has one of the highest population densities of about 2401 people per square mile

12.  Population density does not take in account uneven population distribution.  Example- Egypt’s population density is 181 people per square mile but in reality about 99% of the people live within 20 miles of the Nile River

13. Population Movement  Migration- movement of people from place to place  About half of the world’s population lives in cities

14.  Population movement also occurs between countries  These people are known as emigrants in their homelands and immigrants in their new country  Refugees- people who flee to another country to escape persecution or disaster