1. Grammar Lesson 16 Vocab: Crim-the Latin root means fault, crime, or accusation To incriminate is to show evidence of involvement in a crime A recrimination is a counter accusation

2. Verbals: the Gerund as a Subject A verbal is a verb form that does not function as a verb May function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb 3 kinds: the gerund, the infinitive, and the participle

3. The Gerund Ends in –ing and functions as a noun In this lesson, we will see how the gerund can be used as a subject To determine if a verb ending in –ing is a gerund, we must see how it is used in a sentence 1. find the simple predicate 2. find the simple subject

4. How to Find a Gerund If the –ing form of the verb is the simple subject, then the subject of the sentence is a gerund Example: Speech writing proved challenging. Notice that we diagram the gerund on a “stair-step” line above the base on “stilts”