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Do Birds Drink?. Fig. 6-24 in Gill 2008 Evaporative Water Loss versus Body Mass.

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Presentation on theme: "Do Birds Drink?. Fig. 6-24 in Gill 2008 Evaporative Water Loss versus Body Mass."— Presentation transcript:

1 Do Birds Drink?

2 Fig. 6-24 in Gill 2008 Evaporative Water Loss versus Body Mass

3 Evaporative Cooling California Towhee 30 o F 40 o F H 2 0 (liquid)H 2 0 (gas) + Energy Water Loss Quadruples

4 Obtaining Water 1: Direct Uptake

5 Obtaining Water 2: Fleshy Food

6 O2O2 + CO 2 + H20H20 Obtaining Water 3: Metabolic Water

7 WATER LOSS (EXCRETION) &$@%& Why?

8 PROTEIN UPTAKE

9 Protein Digestion: Proteases Pepsin Trypsin Chymotrysin I) II)

10 NITROGENOUS WASTE Urea Uric Acid (Birds) (Mammals)

11 Nitrogenous Waste URIC ACID (Birds) UREA (Mammals) Simple Molecule Less Expensive to Synthesize Less Nitrogen per Molecule Very Water Soluble Complex Molecule Expensive to Synthesize More Nitrogen per Molecule Low Water Solubility

12 Excretory System 1: Kidneys, Ureters Water Resorbed to Level Just Above Precipitation Level of Uric Acid

13 Excretory System 2: Cloaca Very Little Water needs to be Resorbed by Cloaca to Precipitate Uric Acid (Avoiding an Energy Intensive Process)

14 Excretory System: Kidneys, Ureters, Cloaca (Bladder?) Fig. 4-106 in Podulka et al. 2004 Rhea

15 Bird Droppings (= Feces + Uric Acid) Fig. 4-105 in Podulka et al. 2004

16 Fig. 107 in Podulka et al. 2004 URINARY SYSTEM: SUMMARY

17 Avian Water Conservation: An Exception Water Excretion up to 3.5 Times Body Mass

18 Final Thoughts...

19 1 http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/ animals/images/primary/ruby-throat-hummingbird.jpg 2 http://www.solarexpert.com/photography/birds/Heron-fish.jpg 3 http://www.ladybuggiftstore.com/Merchant2/graphics/00000001/Bird-Feeders.jpg 5 http://www.worldstory.net/jivotni/vulture-pictures.jpg 4 http://stock.tobinphoto.com/photos/GCN-15566.jpg 6 http://wdfw.wa.gov/viewing/yakima/graphics/whthead_woodpecker_male.jpg 7 http://sdakotabirds.com/species_photos/photos/yellow_bellied_sapsucker_3.jpg 8 http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/winkler/botw/Banaquit.jpg 9 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cinnamon_Teal. jpg/800px-Cinnamon_Teal.jpg

20 10 http://nationalzoo.si.edu/ConservationAndScience/MigratoryBirds/ Featured_photo/Images/Bigpic/bchu1.jpg 11 http://www.cresli.org/cresli/images/birds/sooty.jpg 12 http://www.flycatcherinn.com/images/LocalFruit2a.jpg 13 http://picasaweb.google.com/vunsookiong/BirdsOfBorneoSandakanTrogons /photo#5165732083598199298 14 http://animal.discovery.com/guides/wild-birds/gallery/american_robin.jpg 15 http://www.schmoker.org/BirdPics/2007/Thrushes/AMRO_worm6.jpg 16 http://www.self-sufficient-life.com/chickenseatingsalad.jpg 17 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/crows/images/Pine_Siskin_on_feeder_ 6Nov01_935ar.jpg 18 http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/35/82/22568235.jpg

21 19 http://www.jonbales.com/Florida/Everglades/Anhinga_Fish.jpg 20 http://www.charliesbirdblog.com/~charlie/ediblenest/ swift_07.jpg 21 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bird's_Nest_ soup.jpg/800px-Bird's_Nest_soup.jpg 22 http://www.dnr.sc.gov/news/Yr2006/july17/swift.JPG 23 http://blog.gracecello.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/08/ chimney-swift.jpg 24 http://biology.ucf.edu/~logiudice/zoo3713/Files/image066.gif 25 http://biology.ucf.edu/~logiudice/zoo3713/Files/image066.gif 26 http://www.jrcompton.com/photos/The_Birds/J/Aug-07-j/JR94052-big-throat.jpg 27 http://www.fermatainc.com/high_plains/cantxslide/images/lesser_ prairie_male.jpg

22 28 http://www.birdvet.co.uk/LoveBirdcrop.jpg 29 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mour-dove- nest-balc.jpg/800px-Mour-dove-nest-balc.jpg 30 http://njmg.typepad.com/owl/images/2007/09/10/gf_nest.jpg 31 http://www.thewildones.org/Gifs/flamingo.gif 32 http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2007/12/11/penguins_narrowweb__ 300x390,0.jpg 33 http://www.nexium.net/gUserFiles/GastricPepsinActivity_450.gif 34 http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/enzyme5.gif 35 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Hydrochloric_acid_ ammonia.jpg 36 http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/biog105/pages/demos/105/unit6/ media/mechdigest2.small.gif

23 37 http://img.alibaba.com/photo/50473211/Walnuts_and_Walnut_Kernels.jpg 38 http://img.alibaba.com/photo/50080752/Disposable_Carbon_Steel_Surgical_ Blades.jpg 39 http://www.jphpk.gov.my/English/cf0102m.jpg 40 http://www.brooklynparrots.com/uploaded_images/sandlot_1-700855.jpg 41 http://img.alibaba.com/photo/11728886/Lead_Shot_Lead_Pellet.jpg 42 http://www.jrcompton.com/photos/The_Birds/J/March-07/JR61052- dead-duck-fl.jpg 43 http://www.owlpellets.com/uploads/images/lb.jpg 44 http://fireflyforest.net/images/firefly/2005/December/Great-Horned-Owl- tree.jpg 45 http://www.inkanatura.com/images/macawclayhor_large01.jpg

24 46 http://www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/graphics/images/en/8888.jpg 47 http://www.betacell.org/images/CMS/insulin-maturation_01_w500.jpg 48 http://theenergysecret.com/images%2Fproducts%2FDigestive%20 Enzymes_cap.JPG 49 http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/843/45009846.JPG 50 http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/5/58/450px- Glycogen.png 51 http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/cardio_photos/hepatic- artery-bile.jpg 52 http://www.deancoleman.com/img/soap3.jpg 53 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19261.jpg 54 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19261.jpg

25 55 http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2006/09/060920191637.jpg 56 http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/T/ Th_Lymphokines.gif 57 http://depth-first.com/demo/20070502/uric_acid.png 58 http://spot.colorado.edu/~humphrey/fact%20sheets/flamingo_caribbean/ images/flamingo_head.gif 59 http://the.earth.li/~alex/halley/img/P8030027.JPG 60 http://pro.corbis.com/images/42-18290891.jpg?size=572&uid=%7 B9EE41277-ECFA-4237-ABB5-86CCF4615745%7D 61 http://www.enviro-explorers.com/kestrel_web_pages/common_starling.jpg 62 http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/nature/gorge/5petal/honey/symph/ symphoricarposmollisfrt.jpg 63 http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/image.cfm?id=4478&type=img &name=pce-tabs-structure.jpg

26 64 http://mdc.mo.gov/conmag/2002/12/images/back.jpg 65 http://www.montereybay.com/creagrus/Weber-GrHG-ratel.jpg 66 http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/969/90068256.JPG 67 http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/ Physiology/DigestiveSystem/ComponentsDigestive/fatabsorb_2.gif 68 http://www.daviddarling.info/images/insulin_secretion.jpg 69 http://depts.washington.edu/fhl/zoo432/garrisonbay/themesimages/ feedingprotectionimages/image034.jpg

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