1. Why are some parts of Scotland steep and some parts of Scotland flat? Scotland Rocks! Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012

2. The reason the Scottish Landscape is so varied is because it is made up of lots of different types of rocks all of which have different forces acting upon them shaping the landscape.

3. There are three main types of rock: Metamorphic rocks Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Sedimentary rocks Igneous rocks

4. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Sedimentary rocks Sedimentary rocks are formed from the compressed remains of other rocks. They tend to form under water and often contain fossils.

5. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Igneous rocks Igneous rocks are formed from within the earth’s crust from the cooling of molten material they are sometimes extruded onto the earth surface (for example at volcanoes).

6. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Metamorphic rocks Metamorphic rocks have been changed and hardened by extreme heat from molten rocks within the crust or have been made by great pressure caused by earth movements.

7. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 The Geology of Scotland

8. Characteristics of rocks Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Some rocks are relatively soft (eg: salt)… …while others are relatively hard.

9. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Characteristics of rocks Some rocks are permeable – they allow water to drain through them easily. Others are impermeable and keep all water on the surface.

10. All rocks, even the hardest ones, have weaknesses. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012

11. All over the Earth, rivers, waves, glaciers and the wind are hard at work, shaping the landscape. We call them geological agents. they carry or transport it somewhere else... then they drop or deposit it. They pick up or erode weathered material... What shapes the land?

12. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Ocean waves, created by the wind, crash into the coastline and over time erode to form caves, stacks, stumps and arches. Chesil Beach, Dorset Waves drag sediment along coast and deposit material in sheltered coves forming beaches. Sennen Cove, Cornwall

13. Kirkaig Falls Volga Delta Kirkaig Falls Rivers flow over rocks of different resistance, eroding them at different speeds to create impressive waterfalls. When rivers reach the sea they lose energy and deposit sediment that can form large deltas. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012

14. The wind picks up small particles of rock and blows it into bigger rocks slowly eroding and scratching them away over time. In some hot deserts, when the wind drops in speed and loses energy, it deposits sand forming sand dunes. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012

15. When the ice melts some of these rocks are deposited and left behind. (Erratic) Mer de Glace, France Glaciers erode by plucking and abrading rocks from the valley sides. Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012 Austwick, North Yorkshire

16. Your Turn! Read pages: 16 and 17 Answer Questions: 1–3 Presentation © Hodder Gibson 2012