1. Two types of data requirements: 1. "time-series monitoring data" which requires real- time continuous collection (sea surface temperature, stream gauges, wave height, seismic, climate, etc.) 2. long-period data sets to address questions associated with "deep time" (paleomag, stratigrapy, drill cores, fossil collections, etc.) Earth Sciences Breakout Group Report

2. Education In all case when we talk about making data accessible, we mean making it accessible both physically and intellectually. Intellectually available for the non-specialist, the non-scientists, students, and educators. Specifically, we should include mechanisms for transfer that include visualization and simulation and that leverage existing initiatives such as DLESE and others. Can not dump content, need to map into standards. Earth Sciences Breakout Group Report

3. Recognize cultural problems What needs to be done for maintaining a healthy data foundation for the cyberinfrastructure (data submission, archiving, developing metadata, developing formats and common analytical tools, etc.) is inconsistent with the traditional reward and incentive system of the academic environment (promotion and tenure process). Should consider developing citation policies not only for data, but also common analytical tools Earth Sciences Breakout Group Report

4. Maintaining the Content for CyberInfrastructure Example of census data, value is that the Constitution requires the US to take a census every 10 years. No similar requirement for stream gauges, CO2, weather, seismic and other environmental monitoring systems. It is undeniably the role of the Federal Government to support the long-term operation and maintenance of environmental monitoring systems, upon which so many of our policies are based. Data (content) is the sine qua non of cyberInfrastructure, yet there are no safeguards to maintain these data. Need an environmental census program. NSF should take the lead in ensuring that the monitoring systems and data sets are maintained. Earth Sciences Breakout Group Report

5. Sidebars Include illustrations of cyberinfrastructure as an enabling technology for the advancement of Earth science research and education. In particular, showing the importance of integration via cyberinfrastructure in discovery of new processes. Each illustration will include the value of data collection and continuity, connectivity, networking, processing, visualization, data mining and modeling, plus connections among large facility programs (e.g. EarthScope, NEES, Ocean Observatories, Chronos, GEON, etc.) Earth Sciences Breakout Group Report

6. We propose: 1. historical record: compile high-precision time scale of Earth history to decipher geological processes and increase the precision and understanding of current time-scales by an order of magnitude 2. hydrological forecasts: show data retrieval, exchange, visualization, and data mining from heterogeneous data fields to improve hydrological model calibrations and forecasting. Earth Sciences Breakout Group Report

7. We propose: 3. Geography; integration of data sets for improved environmental decision-making 4. Seismology: real-time data collection and integration for short-term characterization of earthquakes for modeling, response, early warning. Earth Sciences Breakout Group Report