1. Seolim Kwon 1

2. Lead researcher: Seolim Kwon Co-researcher: Miguel Lara & Jake Enfield Faculty advisor: Dr. Theodore Frick 2

3. Background Introduction to Diffusion Simulation Game (DSG) Problem definition Our observation Result from previous study “Does learning occur across multiple game plays?” (Lara, Enfield, Myers, & Frick, 2010) 3

4. Literature review Simulation game Game-based environment Complex learning Discovery learning Cognitive load theory Formative feedback methods System-initiated feedback (SIF) vs player-initiated feedback (PIF) 4

5. Research Questions Does formative feedback methods (SIF &PIF) enhance the following three aspects of game-based learning; game subject knowledge, game performance, and engagement in game play ? When is it best for feedback to include each of the features that it could have? 5

6. Research methods Design-based research method (DBR) Data collection methods game result analysis think-aloud process pre-test/post-test instrument follow-up interview Data analysis method MAPSAT 6

7. Goals for DBR (Dede et al, 2004) Dede’s one of the key characteristics of good DBR: Goals of designing learning environments and developing theories or ‘prototheories’ of learning are intertwined. ex) When is it best for feedback to include each of the features that it could have? Moreover, Dede (2004) has articulated one of the challenges that good DBR should address: Determine what constitute reasonable criteria for “success” in declaring a design finished. 7

8. Previous study: “Does learning occur across multiple game plays? (Lara et al., 2010) Data analysis Why misconception happened and wasn’t corrected) 8 Ex) Participant 2 Code 1 Target people in power (Principal, Chairpersons) Code 5 Get to know the staff relationships via social networks

9. Previous study: “Does learning occur across multiple game plays? Why the learning objectives (applying seven diffusion strategies) has not achieved? 9 Rogers' Recommended Strategies in DSG Terms1234 A Get to know the staff by reading Personal Information, using Talk To, and observing the interpersonal networks (via the network diagrams).XXXX B Take a client-oriented approach by avoiding Confrontation and Compulsion.X XX CUtilize opinion leaders by selecting them for diffusion activities.X D Provide opportunities for staff to evaluate the innovation by using Pilot Test, Site Visit, and Demonstration. X E Select mass media communication channels to raise awareness of the staff by using Local Mass Media and Print early in the game.X X F Utilize interpersonal channels by selecting the highest networked staff members for diffusion activities.XXX GUtilize early adopters by selecting them for diffusion activities.XXXX HUnderstanding the importance of gatekeepersXXXX

10. First cycle Implementation of treatment: PIF (Player-initiated feedback) Research context Research outcomes Data analysis Revised design strategy for the next cycle: PIF+SIF (System-initiated feedback) 10

11. Second cycle Implementation of treatment: PIF+SIF Theoretical Framework for feedback methods Research context and instrument Research outcomes Instrument: Data analysis Revised design strategy for the next cycle: SIF (Pure System- initiated feedback) 11

12. Discussion Since this is an ongoing Design-based research, I would be happy to hear your feedback on our research direction and methods. 12

13. References Dede, C., Nelson, B., Ketelhut, D., Clarke, J., & Bowman, C. (2004). Design-based research strategies for studying situated learning in a multi-user virtual environment. In Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Learning sciences (Vol. 3839, p. 165). International Society of the Learning Sciences. Retrieved from http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1149144. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1149144 Lara, Enfield, Myers, & Frick (2010). This paper is currently under review. 13