1. By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:  LO1 Describe the role of the victim in the criminal justice system  LO2 Describe the rate of victimization in Canada  LO3 Identify those individuals who are most likely to be victimized in Canada  LO4 Examine the impact of victimization  LO5 Identify the legislation that protects the rights of victims on an international and a national level  LO6 Describe the organizations and the types of support available to victims in Canada  LO7 Examine the level of victim satisfaction with the criminal justice system Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

2. Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. 2 LO3 Age Young people (15-24) are 15 times more likely to be a victim of a violent crime than persons over 65 Marital statusSingle people are more likely to be a victim of violent crime than married people; Common law higher than married persons Aboriginal statusMore likely to be a victim of violent crime Immigration statusImmigrants - less likely to be a victim of crime Involvement in evening activitiesGreater involvement, greater victimization Sexual orientationHomosexual individuals are more likely to be a victim of violent crime Student statusStudents are at higher risk than employed persons Drug useMore likely to be a victim of crime RISK FACTORS INFLUENCING VICTIMIZATION IN CANADA

3. Aboriginal people are overrepresented as victims as well as offenders.  In 2009 GSS indicated the Aboriginal persons were two times more likely to be a victim of violent crime than non-Aboriginal persons  The homicide rate for Aboriginal persons is 8.8 per 100,000; the rate for non-Aboriginal persons is 1.3 per 100, 000 Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. 3 LO3 ABORIGINAL PEOPLE AS VICTIMS

4. According to the 2004 GSS, gays, lesbians and bisexuals experience higher levels of violent victimization in Canada.  The rate for violent crime for gays and lesbians was two and a half times higher than the rate for heterosexuals. Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. 4 LO3 SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND VICTIMIZATION

5. Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. 5 LO3 It is estimated that only one out of every three victims calls the police after victimization. Reasons for reporting are:  Sense of duty  Victim wants the offender to be arrested  To make an insurance claim  To seek protection CRIME REPORTED TO THE POLICE

6. Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. 6 LO3 It is estimated that only one out of every three victims calls the police after victimization. Reasons for not reporting are:  Fear and lack of confidence in the police and criminal justice system  Do not believe the offence was important enough  Police could not do anything about it CRIME NOT REPORTED TO THE POLICE

7. Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. 7 LO3 VICTIMIZATION COMPARISON TO OTHER COUNTRIES

8. Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. 8 LO3 The GSS for 2009 indicated that 93% of Canadians feel satisfied with their personal safety.  Canadians generally believe that they are not likely to become a victim of crime HOW SAFE DO WE THINK WE ARE?