1. Bringing the Net Effect to 700 million Rural Indians Prof. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IITM, Chennai ashok@tenet.res.in with special reference to NE

2. Rural Magic !! The next few slides are true stories which have “magically” impacted the lives of people in villages

3. Palaniammal’s eyes…  A 60 year old from a village near Melur Photographs by an ordinary web camera: Remote feedback given by Aravind Eye hospital

4. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 4 Agricultural Consultancy  An Okra crop saved Top: Diseased with yellow mosaic Below : Post treatment  Saving of Rs 140,000 for the farmers  Cost of information Rs 20  Built huge trust in the system

5. The Vet is on the Net... This goat had a wound near its mouth and could not eat for a week The advice from the doctor cured its problem in 2 days

6. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 6 Remote Cardiac care

7. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 7 An Online Clinic … * Dr Mala Fenn is a leading Gynecologist in Madurai

8. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 8 Emergencies are no longer Calamities … In the village of T Ulgapitchanpatti, all hens are dying one by one. The symptoms for these hens are: First, their weight reduces and finally, their necks shrink. At this stage they die immediately. Until now, 300 hens have died in this way. How do we stop this? Please give us a solution immediately. From A. Sakkarai"

9. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 9 … because Help is at Hand A visit from the Government Veterinary Officials to vaccinate all hens

10. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 10 Epidemics can be prevented with a Doctor on Call  A potential epidemic of Chicken Pox was halted by a simple email to the right people  Instant response from the Government Doctors

11. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 11 Empowerment of People- Attapatti Veeramani, a man with disabilities, used to operate the pump for the Village Overhead Tank The Village Head removed him from his job and gave the post to one of his relatives Through the kiosk, he sent an email petition to the Chief Minister’s Cell, attaching his photograph He got his job back !

12. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 12 Web- Durbar: DM talks to multiple villages on video

13. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 13 Inter Village Singing Competition

14. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 14 How is all this happening?  and where is this happening? and can it scale? and can it be done in North East?

15. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 15 How does one connect Rural India?  India has 600,000+ villages 700 million people (about 1000 people per village) Can Rural India afford Connections?  Needs Technology Sustainable Business Model Organisation which thinks and acts Rural

16. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 16 Innovative Technology to connect Rural India  To PSTN To Internet 35/70 kbps Always-on Internet plus simultaneous telephone Rs 7500 - 10000 per line price 1 million lines being deployed  BSNL has fibre connectivity to most Talukas (county hq) CorDECT WLL developed at IITM  provides a telephone line and Internet connection in a 30 Km radius  can connect 85% of Indian villages  start-up costs very low

17. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 17 Use Local Entrepreneurs to drive ICT  Today in urban areas: 950,000 such PCOs covering every street of smallest town generate 25 % of total telecom income 300 million people use these PCOs  Lesson for Rural: To serve Rural people with incomes less than $ 1/day, aggregate demand and let Entrepreneurs drive it  Entrepreneur-driven operator assisted telephone booths (STD PCOs) introduced in 1987  Aid/ Grant does not scale Successful Enterprises can scale to all villages 135 million rural households

18. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 18  n-Logue : A Rural Service Provider aggregate demand into a kiosk Rs 50000 per Kiosk providing telephone, Internet, multimedia PC with web-camera, printer and power back-up for PC  plus Indian language software, video conferencing software, training and maintenance set up by a village entrepreneur on the lines of urban PCOs  provides telephone, stand-alone Computer and Internet services  needs Rs3500 per month to break even (Rs3:50 per person per month) Innovative Business Models

19. The Business Model Services Revenues n-Logue LSP-1LSP-2LSP-3 Kiosk Villagers

20.  Provides Training and Technical Support  Handles Licensing and Policy issues  Provides Internet Backbone Connectivity  Enables Kiosk Services through Alliance Partners  Creates Awareness Application & Solution Providers Internet Backbone ACCESS CENTRE Local Service Partner  Markets Connections  Provides Onsite Support and Training  Manages Local Web & Email Services  Manages Local Content Pages Scope: 3000 sq km 400-600 connections (1 in each village) Internet Kiosk Operator  School/PHC  Private Business  Government Office  Rural NGO  Provides Internet Access to Local Community  Provides Awareness and Training  Channels Information needs of Community through LSP to Application & Content Providers Financing

21. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 21 A Suitably Positioned Kiosk Like this … Tamil Nadu

22. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 22 Or these… Maharashtra Rajasthan

23. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 23 The Kiosk Owner Should have studied up to Class 10 Need have no prior computer Training Should be able to communicate to the people in the village

24. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 24 A Kiosk Owner/Operator

25. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 25 Kiosk: Bouquet of Services (besides telephony)  A variety of Services and Applications, relevant to Rural people, need to be enabled  No single service can stand on its own Education Livelihood Health Entertainment Communication E-Governance Learning typing Computer education Photography CD movies DTP work Email/voice & video mail E-Governance Video conferencing providing Tele-medicine Vet Care E-learning E-Agriculture

26. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 26

27. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 27 E-government services at a Village VILLAGE KIOSK Dispersal of PDS coupons Application forms for exams, etc Physical Dispersal Payment of Municipal taxes Electricity Bills Bus Tickets Purchase of Seeds / Fertilisers Entrance and Exam Fees Net Banking Distribution of Application Forms Information from Online Databases like BPL lists Electoral Lists, etc From Central Website Information Dissemination Text, Audio, Video formats of various Government / Public service Announcements Video-conferencing between Collector and villagers Physical Notice Board outside Kiosk on which Govt. Notices can be pasted

28. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 28 The Dream Current Rural GDP in India = Rs 700,000 Crores For a Population= 700 million people GDP / Person = Rs 10000 per year DOUBLING per-capita Rural GDP Rs 20000 per person per year Rural Prosperity

29. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 29 Agriculture Animal Husbandry Agricultural Processing Industry IT-Based Services Trade & Commerce Rural Micro-Enterprises are the Wealth Creators  Micro-enterprises need Finance Knowledge and Training Buying & Selling Insurance  Can Communications Enable these ?

30. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 30 Operations Project Summary & Plans 46 2719Totals 615Others 16151Gujarat 1486Maharashtra 1037TN TotalActiveLiveState  Plans 78 Projects by March 2004  Maharashtra: 30  TN: 25  Gujarat: 16  Others: 7  125 kiosk/project 10000 kiosks by Jul-Sep 2004

31. Technologies & people behind n-Logue

32. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 32 Technologies in Use  corDECT WiLLMidas  will enable 100/200 dedicated and 2 Mbps shared connection next year RAS & RouterBanyan  Minnow ISP in a boxNilgiri Billing SystemNilgiri  Network Management NMSWorks  Chiraag voice/video mailTeNeT  Power back-upAlacrity  Indian Language Office packageCK

33. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 33  To PSTN To Internet corDECT Wireless in Local Loop  35/70 kbps dedicated Always-on Internet plus simultaneous telephone 100/200 kbps dedicated & 2Mbps shared connection in near future  Price target: Rs 5000 to Rs 7500 per line  802.16 in future IITM - Midas

34. Office package in Indian Languages IITM - Chennai Kavigal

35. Network Management System  A must with distributed deployment of Intelligent nodes  Convergence of Telecom and Internet management Manage traffic, subscribers, subscriber equipment and network health from management centers IITM-NMSWorks IITM-Nilgiri Networks Rural communications software developed in a rural setting BlueBill: real-time billing for voice, Internet and applications Minnow: ISP Data Centre on redundant Linux/PCs

36. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 36 Major New Initiatives  Multi-party multi-rate video conferencingOOPS Live LectureOOPS  Rural ATM MachineVortex Finger print detection HP-IITM  Medical Diagnostic kit NeuroSynaptic  LCD projection systemTeNeT  Web Terminal MeTeLMidas Entertainment TerminalTeNeT  Rural Banking SWTeNeT  On-line eye-testingHP-IITM  Sparse Area Comm SystemTeNeT-ISRO TeNeT faculty and over 10 companies incubated by it (with 1000 engineers) working to make the dream true

37. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 37 Low bit-rate multi-party Video Conferencing (audio + video + chat at 20 kbps onwards) On-line lecturing at low bit-rates IITM - OOPS

38. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 38 Financial Services with ICICI Bank  Kiosk operators to have Credit cards Collect cash from villager and pay online  Govt. payments, Telephone bills Kiosk operator to be an agent for  agri-crop loans  Rural Insurance, Health and Crop Rural low cost ATMs at kiosks  Works along with the PC already existing  Breakthrough pricing envisaged of Rs30000 IITM-Vortex

39. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 39 VITAL centres : Next 3 months  A Diagnostic Kit Consisting of:  BP Measurement  Temperature  ECG  Stethoscope  Weighing Scales  Height Chart VILLAGE KIOSK A remote medical kit can transmit all this data on the internet to anywhere In the world in real time ---- at a cost of about Rs 10,000 IITM - NeuroSynaptic

40. Online Eye Testing

41. Can this be done in North East?

42. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 42 North East  Plains Assam and Tripura : mostly plains rural population density exceeds 300  Hilly areas Manipur, Meghalaya & Nagaland: 100 plus rural population density Mizoram & Arunachal: 10 to 40 rural population density no fibre backbone  use microwave as backbone  use satellite communications  satellite station in each village is too expensive  use satellite for back-haul / backbone

43. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 43 Satellite backhaul  Satellite Remote will connect 50 villages 50 telephones at 0.1 E traffic and 5 kbps voice coding will require 25 kbps Internet connectivity of about 100 - 200 kbps  appropriate caching and mirror server at hub  can provide Internet connections to about 50 villages RT requires a 128 / 256 kbps dedicated connection  To serve multiple RTs, a shared download of 2 Mbps will help uplink channels can be 128 / 256 kbps SCPC

44. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 44 8-10 voice channels + 64/128 kbps Internet satellite backhaul Each hub supports 16 to 20 remote sites with 2 Mbps download Rs 8000 corDECT + Rs10000 backhaul cost per connection PSTN Internet 2.4 m antenna 3.8 m antenna  15 -25 Kms with 50 connections  2 Mbps --> 128 Kbps --> <-- 256 Kbps Sparse Area Communications where there is no fibre backbone IITM - ISRO

45. TeNeT Group, IITMNov 03 45 To Sum Up  ICT can reach everyone provided there is a big enough Vision behind it Dream of Doubling per capita Rural GDP  Finance, Commerce, Training & Information are key  Driving Education, Health and Entrepreneurship is the means  Wireless Internet with fibre backhaul can enable these  Sparse Areas will require special technologies & efforts  Large number of innovative technologies and applications need to be developed catering specifically to Rural areas