1. Usman Rafique NAME : USMAN RAFIQUE SUPERVISOR: Prof Rikku Jänttii

2. Usman Rafique Mesh Networks Routing Protocols in Mesh / ADHOC networks Limitations of Mesh Networks Proposed modification Implementation Aspects Simulation Aspects Conclusion Future Directions Contents

3. Usman Rafique Mesh Networks Future Wireless Network Architecture Hot Research Area 0100101010 DIGITAL CLOUDDIGITAL CLOUD

4. Usman Rafique Routing In Mesh Networks Pro active Protocols Reactive Protocols AODV protocol 01010 010 Nodes are Routers

5. Usman Rafique Mesh Networks Limitations Energy supply Security Service discovery Congestion and quality of service Current research focusing on these limitations Focus of this thesis is intelligent routing attacking battery life saving

6. Usman Rafique Proposed modification Restrict to Layer 3 Cross layer solution is optimal Routing protocol modifications Send traffic to robust routes Sense network energy at traffic source

7. Usman Rafique Implementation Aspects Test bed comprised of Laptops and PDAs Open Source Linux reference solutions Lifetime estimation from instantanous bettery and traffic predictoins Network energy sensing: Incorporated in route establishment procedure Nodes tell their life in signaling phase

8. Usman Rafique E Total Ф Tx P Tx + Ф Tx P Rx + P CPU Life time = Where ФTx= Transmitted traffic PTx= Transmitter power ФRx= Received traffic PRx= Received Power PCPU= CPU power consumption E_Total= Total Energy Of battery left Implementation Packets format changes 0 1 2 3 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+++++++ | Type |J|R|G| Reserved | Hop Count | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Flooding ID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Destination IP Address | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Destination Sequence Number | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source IP Address | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source Sequence Number | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Type | Length | Node Lifetime| RREQ packet Type = RREQ_EXT if (fwd_rt->flags & RT_INV_SEQNO || rrep_seqno > fwd_rt->dest_seqno || (rrep_seqno == fwd_rt->dest_seqno && (fwd_rt->state == INVALID || fwd_rt->flags & RT_UNIDIR || rrep_new_hcnt hcnt || route_life > fwd_rt->life_um Routing Table Updation Changes Node Life Calculation Model

9. Usman Rafique Implementation/Testing Traffic source directs traffic to most robust route possible at route establishment stage Device recalcutaes its energy status in 2 sec intervals Protocol validated and tested on Laptops and PDAs test bed On table routes formation method was developed using iptables and netfilters in linux Multihop topologies were tested RREQ 25 45 3540 75 RREQ Life = 45 RREQ Life = 35 RREQ Life = 35 RREQ Life = 45 RREQ Life = 25 RREP 25 45 3540 75 RREP Life = 35 RREP Life = 35 RREP Life = 35 RREP Life = 25 RREP Life = 25

10. Usman Rafique Simulation Aspects NS-2 simulator is used Ns2: Easy network creation using TCL ecrpting front end Open source impolementation with animation and tracing for analysis features C++ is used in back end for performance gain Our motivation: Testing protocol is scaled networks

11. Usman Rafique Conclusions and Future Directions Benefits Long lasting routes Hidden congestion control Long operation of nodes

12. Usman Rafique Conclusions and Future Directions Drawbacks Longer routes can be formed Aggragate power cosumtion (Total network power per route) may be increased Packet delay increases Future Porting the protocol on embedded devices Do simulations in ns-2 with taking mobility into account

13. Usman Rafique Thank You Questions are Welcome