1. Multipath Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks: a Hybrid between Source Routing and Diffusion Techniques Mohamed Ebada Systems Science Program University of Ottawa

2. Outline Introduction Objective Multipath Finding Protocol Hybrid Routing Performance Evaluation Results Conclusions Future Research

3. Introduction In multipath routing, the traffic is distributed over a number of routes simultaneously It is crucial to develop routing protocols that would maximize the network energy resources

4. Objective The objective is to investigate the challenges of applying multipath routing in WSNs First, multiple paths finding protocol Second, traffic splitting protocol Third, network power usage Fourth, message delay

5. The WSN Model

6. Multipath Finding Protocol The Multipath Finding Protocol has four phases First phase is the Broadcast Phase Second phase is the Routes Sharing Phase Third phase is the Routes Counting Phase Fourth phase is the Critical Routes Finding Phase

7. Broadcast Phase There are four types of broadcasting that can be used in phase one of the Multipath Finding Protocol Type-one broadcast Type-two broadcast Type-three broadcast Type-four broadcast.

8. Wireless Sensor Network Layers

9. Types of Paths in WSN There are nine types of paths found in WSN Primary Path, Non-Primary Path, Disjoined, Primary Disjoined Path, Joined Path, Parallel Path, Circular Path, Long Path and Duplicated Path Multipath Finding Protocol Efficiency Network Routing Efficiency

10. Wireless Sensor Network Factors There are four factors affecting routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Network Size Factor Network Routing Factor Network Connectivity Factor Network Hops Factor

11. Traffic Splitting Protocol The Traffic Splitting Protocol consists of two methods that take place one after the other Route Weight Assignment Method Load Sharing Method.

12. Hybrid Routing Source Routing Diffusion Routing Hybrid Routing

13. Performance Evaluation

18. Results Routes discovered = 163 routes Multipath Finding Protocol Efficiency = 60% Network Routing Efficiency = 37% Network Size Factor = 3 hops Network Routing Factor = 6.52 routes/node Network Connectivity Factor = 3.52 nodes/node Network Hops Factor = 0.8

19. Conclusions Adjustments made to Multipath Finding Protocol and Traffic Splitting Protocol resulted in significant savings in network power Hybrid Routing Protocol combines the advantages of Source Routing Protocol and Diffusion Routing Protocol The cut off value used in Hybrid Routing Protocol provides a control mechanism

20. Future Research Improving the network routing efficiency Improve the multipath finding protocol efficiency Experimenting with different network sizes and topologies Investigating the effect of redundancy and multipath routing in WSN

21. Q & A THE END