1. Consciousness and Its Variations What Is Consciousness? Circadian Rhythms Altering Consciousness through Concentration and Suggestion Altered States of Consciousness Psychoactive Drugs

2. What is Consciousness?  Awareness  Altered states  Unconscious  Subconscious  Not your “conscience”!

3. NREM and REM Sleep  NREM sleep is sleep in which there are no rapid eye movements.  REM sleep is “rapid eye movement” sleep.

4. Theories of Sleep Function  Restorative theory holds that being awake produces wear and tear on the body and brain, and sleep serves the function of restoring the body and mind.  Circadian theory of sleep is based on the premise that sleep evolved to keep humans out of harm’s way during the dark of night and possibly from becoming prey of some nocturnal predator.

5. Parasomnias Somnambulism (sleepwalking) Sleep terror Nightmares Somniloquy (sleeptalking) Enuresis

6. Major Sleep Disorders Narcolepsy Sleep apnea Insomnia

7. Theories of Hypnosis Sociocognitive Neodissociation Dissociated control

8. Psychoactive Drugs Stimulants Caffeine Nicotine Amphetamines Cocaine Depressants Alcohol Barbiturates Tranquilizers Hallucinogens  Marijuana  LSD (acid)  Ecstasy