1. WEI YUANYUAN Nervous system Ⅵ

2. Intellectual function of the brain Learning

3. Classification of memory Memory is the process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. short-term memory:seconds-mins Intermediate-term memory:mins-days Long-term memory:days-years

4. Transfer of memory

5. Declarative memory: retention and recall of conscious experiences that can therefore be put into words Procedural memory: memory for skilled behaviors independent of any conscious understanding

6. Amnesia Loss of memory : Hippocampal Lesions  Retrograde amnesia:  refers to inability to recall memories before onset of amnesia.  Brain Concussions  Anterograde amnesia:  refers to the inability to create new memories due to brain damage  Alcoholic intoxication

7. Mechanism of memory Synaptic plasticity is the ability of the connection, or synapse, between two neurons to change in strength in response to either use or disuse of transmission over synaptic pathways.

8. Mechanism of memory

9. Structure changes at the synapses during memory

10. Types of memory Long - term memory  Requirement of activation of specific genes that control protein synthesis  Immediate early genes (IEGs)

11. ELECTRIC ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN

12. Electric activity of the brain

14. Electroencephalogram (EEG) The EEG be recorded with Scalp electrodes through the unopened skull or with electrodes on or in the brain.

16. Alpha Block: Replacement of the alpha rhythm by an asynchronous, low-voltage beta rhythm when opening the eyes.

17. Epilepsy Seizures

18. EEG in some special case

19. SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS

20. Sleep

21. Time needed for sleep

22. Types of sleep

23. Characteristics in slow wave sleep (SWS) Growth hormone ↑

24. Characteristics in rapid eye movement sleep (REMs)

25. EEG and sleep

26. Basic theory of sleep Sleep is caused by an active inhibitory process

28. Sleep and wakefulness cycle

29. Importance of Sleep Necessary for survival necessary for nervous systems to work properly. Growth hormone secretion increase in SWS important for the infants growth and physical restorative process of adult During REM, brain blood flow and protein synthesis increase, and it is important for the mental development of infants and long-term memory and mental restoration in adults. Daily sleep requirements decline with age

30. What Happens if We are Deprived of Sleep Lack of alertness Fatigue Memory problems Irritability Depression Lack of motivation Accidents

31. Tips for Getting a Good Night’s Sleep Avoid caffeine and alcohol after dinner Keep a routine life Don’t nap during the day Don’t go to bed hungry or right after eating Exercise Stop smoking

32. Summary Dominant hemisphere EEG Paradoxical sleep