1. National System and Improvement of GHG Estimation in Korea Seong Ho, Han & Hae Ryun, Kim Statistics Research Institute Korea National Statistical Office Conference on Climate Change, Development and Official Statistics in Asian-Pacific Region Seoul, Republic of Korea 11 – 12 December 2008

2. Contents Current GHG inventory in Korea Ⅱ Demand for Improvement of GHG Estimation Future Plan for Establishing National System Conclusion Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Background : After Meetings in Oslo Ⅰ

3. Ⅰ. Background : After meeting in Oslo

4. Cooperation between Institutions to compile climate change statistics － Between NSO and other institutions relating CC statistics, Research Institutes, Policy makers － Interdisciplinary nature of CC statistics － Implies Hard to see an efficient institutional linkages To fill data gap(Data Needs) － Spatial Data － Statistics for impact analysis, adaptation and mitigation － Few comments on activity data for GHG emission measurement Setting CC statistics as a main stream of official statistics － The stadardization of classification － High quality data at all steps to construct CC statistics Common Suggestions in Oslo KNSO Korea National Statistical Office

5. Some Differences between developed countries and developing countries regarding CC statistics － Institutional Cooperation － Requested Data to compile GHG inventory － Interest in CC statistics How to realize the suggestions(Inconvenient Reality) － Strong stakeholders － Which data to be needed － The capabilty to do statistical quality control of specialized field Following Questions KNSO Korea National Statistical Office

6. Institution responsible to compile GHG emissions inventory Improving and developing the CC statistics － Particulary, activity data for constucting GHG inventory To emphasize importance of CC statistics and the role of statistical office to policy makers and public Issues on CC Statistics in Korea KNSO Korea National Statistical Office

7. Ⅱ. Current GHG inventory in Korea

8. Korea signed the UNFCCC in 1993 and ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002 － Now Korea is a Non-Annex Ⅰ country Fourth Comprehensive Action Plan has been implementing since 2008 － 1 st CAP(’99~’01), 2 nd CAP(’02~’04), 3 rd CAP(’05~’07) － 4 th CAP consists of 4 projects ▪ GHG reduction/Adaptation to Climate Change/ R&D/Establishment of Infrastructure/ International Cooperation Korean Policy for Climate Change KNSO Korea National Statistical Office

9. The total emissions increased by 98.7% from 1990 to 2005 － 1990 : 297.5 mil. tCO 2 eq. － 2005 : 591.1 mil. tCO 2 eq. Most of emissions are explained by Energy sector － Energy(84.4%), Industrial process(11.0%) Agriculture(2.5%), Wastes(2.2%) GHG Emissions KNSO Korea National Statistical Office

10. 297.5 451.8 527.5 587.3 591.1 (Unit : Mil. CO2 eq.) Trend of GHG Emissions Energy : 84.4%

11. Emissions & Removals by GHG(2005) Sectors CO 2 Emissions (mil. tCO 2 ) CO 2 Removals (mil. tCO 2 ) CH 4 (mil. tCH 4 ) N 2 O (mil. tN 2 O) HFCs (mil. tCO 2 eq.) PFCs (mil. tCO 2 eq.) SF 6 (mil. tCO 2 eq.) Net Emission (mil. tCO 2 eq.) Total533.4-42.51.10.16.52.916.7558.3 Energy490.6 -0.30.0 - - -498.6 Industrial Process 27.6 -0.0 NE 6.52.916.764.8 Agriculture NE 0.50.0 - - -14.7 LULUCF NE -42.5-----32.9 Wastes5.6 -0.30.0 - - -13.0

12. Ministry of Knowledge Economy has been compiling and reporting GHG emissions & removals － 3 rd NC will be submitted to UNFCCC in Dec. 2008 － Institutions : Ministry of Environment Rural Development Administration Korea Forest Service Current System for Inventory KNSO Korea National Statistical Office MKE Energy & Industrial process MKE Wastes MOE Agriculture RDA LULUCF KFS

13. Ⅲ. Demand for Improvement of GHG Estimation

14. Institutional system for GHG inventory has not been well-established － MKE is only gathering emission data from each institutions Review procedure has not been implemented － Q/A and Q/C procedure is required for accuracy Problems of Current Inventory Ⅰ KNSO Korea National Statistical Office

15. Not all country-specific emission factors is estimated － Most of emissions are estimated by Tier1 method, partially Tier 2 method There is much lack of activity data － More detailed data are demanded － Necessary data should be compiled Problems of Current Inventory Ⅱ KNSO Korea National Statistical Office

16. DataSources Consumption of FuelKorea Energy Economics Institute Statistics of Electric PowerKorea Electric Power Corporation Consumption of Jet Fuel, etc.Private airlines, etc. Method － Revised IPCC 1996 GL/GPG 2000 － Tier 1/Tier 2 Activity data Emissions(2005) Energy Industry Manufacturing & Construction Transport Agriculture, Household, etc. Fugitive 171.1148.298.275.25.9 (Unit: Mil. tCO2) Estimation of Energy

17. DataSources Cement ProductionKorea Cement Industrial Association Lime ProductionKorea Lime Stone Industry Cooperation Production of Iron & Steel, etc.Korea Iron & Steel Association, etc. Method － Revised IPCC 1996 GL － Tier 1 Activity data Emissions(2005) Mining Production Industry Chemical Industry Metal Industry Production of HFCs, PFCs & SF6 Consumption of HFCs, PFCs & SF6 27.211.40.20.026.1 (Unit: Mil. tCO2) Estimation of Industrial Process

18. DataSources No. of Cattles, etc.Korea National Statistical Office, etc. Method － Revised IPCC 1996 GL － Tier 1/Tier 2 Activity data Emissions(2005) Enteric Fermentation Manure Decomposition Cultivation of Rice Paddies Soil for Agricultural Use 3.02.76.82.2 (Unit: Mil. tCO2) Estimation of Agriculture

19. DataSources Land AreaKorea Forest Service Method － Revised IPCC 1996 GL － Tier 1 Activity data Emissions(2005) Changes in Forest & other Woody Biomass Stocks Forest & Grassland Conversion CO2 Emissions & Removals from Soils -37.30.44.1 (Unit: Mil. tCO2) Estimation of LULUCF

20. DataSources Waste generation and treatmentNational Institute of Environmental Research Sewer statistics/Waste Statistics, etc.Ministry of Environment, etc. Method － Revised IPCC 1996 GL/GPG 2000/IPCC 2006 － Tier 1/Tier 2 Activity data Emissions(2005) Landfill of Solid Wastes Domestic Sewage Treatment Industrial Wastewater Treatment Waste Incineration 6.11.10.15.8 (Unit: Mil. tCO2) Estimation of Wastes

21. Ⅳ. Future Plan for Establishing NS

22. According to the project “Establishment of Infrastructure” in 4 th Comprehensive Action Plan, National System will be established KNSO is expected to be the single national entity for the inventory － compiling, managing and developing National GHG emissions & removals Establishing National System KNSO Korea National Statistical Office

23. KNSO KNSO(SRI) (Korea National Statistical Office) Energy & Industrial process MKE (Ministry of Knowledge Economy) Wastes MOE (Ministry of Environment) Energy (Transportation) MLTMA (Ministry of Land, Transportation, Maritime Affairs) Agriculture RDA (Rural Development Administration) LULUCF KFS (Korea Forest Service) Tentative Structure of NS Advisory Committee

24. Future Responsibility of KNSO Setting up the Institutional & Legal Infrastructures Setting up the Institutional & Legal Infrastructures Compiling & Reporting National Emissions & Removals Compiling & Reporting National Emissions & Removals Implementing Quality Management Improvement of Activity Data & Emission Factors Improvement of Activity Data & Emission Factors R1 R2 R3 R4

25. Setting up the Institutional & Legal co-operation with other institutions Reviewing & Improvement of the current estimation methods per each sector Implementing QA/QC procedure Establishing the Advisory Committee Documentation of NS, CRF, NIR Future Plans KNSO Korea National Statistical Office Establishing the Project Team for NS in SRI

26. Ⅴ. Conclusion

27. Institutional Issue to compile GHG inventory - How was it possible for NSO to be the responsible institution? What is condition to do so? - In the past are there any conflicts to hold the responsibility for compiling GHG inventory Needed activity data to make by emissions sources - In which sources mostly Statistical Quality control and Quality Assurance - How to do Organizatonal Setting - The numbers of staffs - Concrete Functions of each parts Some Questions KNSO Korea National Statistical Office

28. Thank You !!!