2. AP Biology 2007-2008 Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP

3. AP Biology Cellular Respiration Stage 1: Glycolysis

4. AP Biology Cellular respiration is a process which generates energy in living things. It extracts stored energy from glucose to form ATP. The energy stored in ATP can then be used to drive processes requiring energy, including bio-synthesis, locomotion or transportation of molecules across cell membranes.. There are two types of cellular respiration: AEROBIC (requires Oxygen) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain ANAEROBIC/Fermentation (without Oxygen) Glycolysis Lactic Acid Fermentation or Alcoholic Fermentation

5. AP Biology Glycolysis glucose      pyruvate 2x2x 6C3C That’s not enough ATP for me!  Breaking down glucose “glyco – lysis” (splitting sugar)  This is the beginning stage for both aerobic/anaerobic  It’s inefficient  generate only 2 ATP for every 1 glucose  occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell  right outside the mitochondria

6. AP Biology Begins With.. Ends With.., 2 NADH,

7. AP Biology Energy Input Steps

8. AP Biology Energy Releasing Steps Now Unstable

9. AP Biology Energy Releasing Steps, cont. Now Unstable

10. AP Biology  Convert: glucose (6C) to 2 pyruvate (3C)  produces: 4 ATP & 2 NADH  consumes: 2 ATP  net yield: 2 ATP & 2 NADH Key Points ATP 2 2

11. AP Biology Pyruvate is a branching point Pyruvate O2O2 O2O2 mitochondria Krebs cycle aerobic respiration fermentation anaerobic respiration

12. AP Biology Glycolysis summary endergonic invest some ATP exergonic harvest a little ATP & a little NADH net yield 2 ATP 2 NADH 4 ATP ENERGY INVESTMENT ENERGY PAYOFF G3P C-C-C-P NET YIELD like $$ in the bank -2 ATP