1. Presentation compiled with unvalidated data.

2. Began in 1991 as a non-profit organization. Purpose: increasing Albertans’ awareness and understanding of lakes and watersheds. Goal: improve or maintain the health of lakes and watersheds by engaging Albertans.

3. Monitoring program which allows individuals or stewardship groups to track the health of their lake over time. Volunteers meet technicians 5 times throughout the summer. Volunteers provide transportation!

4. Base Lakes: Pigeon Sylvan Hanmore Hubbles Lac Ste. Anne Lake Isle Lessard Little Beaver Chip Lower Chain LICA Lakes: Marie Minnie Moose Upper Therien Crane Laurier Touchwood Skeleton North Skeleton South Parks/EDF: Moonshine - Sturgeon Iosegun - Winagami Smoke - Bear McLeod Saskatoon Central : Buffalo Lacombe Alix Red Deer Glennifer

5. Buffalo Lake 2014: Sampled four times under the Central Lakes Program in 2014: June 26 July 29 August 27 September 24

6. Temperature: Observed no thermal stratification. Maximum: 21.38 ° C Higher temperatures may promote more cyanobacteria growth. High temperatures may stress fish species.

7. Dissolved Oxygen: Well oxygenated water column – possibly supersaturated in September. Recommended guideline for protection of aquatic life is 6.5 mg/L. Oxygen likely lower at night.

8. Water Clarity: Measured with a Secchi disk. In Alberta, blue-green algae/cyanobacteria are generally the primary factor causing reduced water clarity. Average 1.91m - Eutrophic

9. Chlorophyll-a (Green Line): Indicator of how much phytoplankton (algae/cyanobacteria) is present. Low average – likely inhibited by saline conditions. Chlorophyll-a 5.7– Oligotrophic

10. C HLOROPHYLL - A

11. Phosphorus (Blue Line: May drive algae blooms. TP Maximum: 44 ug/L Phosphorus enters lakes from the watershed and from internal cycling within the sediments. Phosphorus 41.13 – Eutrophic

12. P HOSPHORUS

13. M ICROCYSTIN

14. Calling Lake: June Calling Lake: July Environmental Influences: Factors which influence how nutrients are used include: –Light –Temperature –Wind –Precipitation Obvious over a summer, but also occurs between years.

15. Metals: ALMS collects information on 29 different metals. No values exceeded their guidelines.

16. Data Summary: High concentrations of phosphorus. Low concentrations of phytoplankton. Healthy concentrations of dissolved oxygen.

17. Parameter198419851986198919901992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220072014 TP (μg/L) 64.584558.480.3469.266\78.966.274.3776.866.6866.7263.0461.0458.463241.13 TDP (μg/L) \\\\\\\\35.8336.2138.6934.0833.6934.3835.2332.1612.525.88 Chlorophyll-a (μg/L) 9.486.516.2414.0212.1510.7519.134.18.212.2612.9112.6817.328.610.595.97175.7 Secchi depth (m) 3.352.252.881.571.982.11.3672.051.971.671.721.862.231.972.52.112.21.91 TKN (μg/L) \2706\\\\\\2788245527112288210719462074224824202230 NO 2 and NO 3 (μg/L) 25 6.25105.75\58.2113.519.1910.4215.9412.199.575.642.635.18 NH 3 (μg/L) \255.5\\\\\\31.512155.2540.8351.335328.5760.43117.536.1 DOC (mg/L) \\\\\\\\42.4536.55\38.439.536.8536.138.833.95\ Ca (mg/L) 7.677.27.45.48611.5\54.575.276.906.535.817.246.785.577.39.94 Mg (mg/L) 73.33897784.638777\8585.4379.3980.3177.727175.5376.1271.9267.4374.93 Na (mg/L) 508.33587520612.25590484.5\600603.71579.3574.38534.33508.44573.75531.57629.14519525.75 K (mg/L) 37.3343.138.442.5141.7535.1\42.342.7743.984440.8240.4741.4642.5441.0438.4843.43 SO 4 2- (mg/L) 411.67442401477.5 402\495506.57479.4463.63465.17418.67447.5449.29462.14412.5405.25 Cl - (mg/L) 12.3314.211.614.7614.1 \15.816.2616.8317.5816.7816.9916.717.2918.7620.0821.68 CO 3 (mg/L) \172.68161.52212.25210158\199 193.4188.5186.67190.11168.75178.71203.57177176.25 HCO 3 (mg/L) 976.161090.97952.761031.6310041060\12351048.861040.81047.631012.83972.67957.75936.571030943950 pH 9.29.169.269.329.349.27\9.489.3019.189.229.169.069.009.099.249.179.19 Conductivity (μS/cm) 2450284825362877.527952410\28502821.432870.72816.43\2705.5624952524.2927702562.52600 Hardness (mg/L) 320383334.2362.13373.5346\362363339.8347.75337.33305.22329.5331.43311.86295333.5 TDS (mg/L) 1676.81895.161685.761957.251920.51624.5\19511974.291916.61898.131826.671731.11180517751941.4317051722.5 Microcystin (μg/L) \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\0.16 Total Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO 3 ) 1043.671187.941050.81199.881173.51001\117911921177.71173.751141.671114.4410651065.711181.4310701072.5 Parameter Summary

18. Data compiled into an individual report. Best way to evaluate a lake’s health – compare a lake to itself, not to other lakes! Questions to evaluate: –Have we noticed significant water quality changes in the past 50 years? If so: Have there been significant changes to our watershed? Have there been changes to our lake levels? Has input or output to the lake been modified? How has the fishery changed over time? Overfishing? Fish stocking?

19. Invasive Macrophytes: Three main species of concern: –Eurasian Water Milfoil –Hydrilla –Curly Leaf Pondweed These species enter lakes via boat traffic and aquariums. Form dense monocultures – impede recreation and destroy fish habitat.

20. Invasive Macrophytes: Attend an invasive plant identification workshop! Conduct a bio-blitz at your lake alongside ALMS! Contact Alyssa at: –acloutie@ualberta.caacloutie@ualberta.ca –780-415-9785 for more information.