1. The World of Earth Science Branches of Earth Science

2. Geology is the study of the solid Earth Geology is the study of the solid Earth Anything and everything that has to do with the solid Earth is part of geology Anything and everything that has to do with the solid Earth is part of geology Most geologists specialize in a particular aspect of the Earth Most geologists specialize in a particular aspect of the Earth A volcanologist studies volcanoes A volcanologist studies volcanoes A seismologist studies earthquakes A seismologist studies earthquakes A paleontologist studies fossils A paleontologist studies fossils

3. Oceanography Water Water Everywhere Physical oceanographers study things like waves and ocean currents Physical oceanographers study things like waves and ocean currents Biological oceanographers study the plants and animals that live in the ocean Biological oceanographers study the plants and animals that live in the ocean Geological oceanographers study the ocean floor Geological oceanographers study the ocean floor Robert Fronk is an oceanographer that studies under water caves Robert Fronk is an oceanographer that studies under water caves

4. Oceanography Water Water Everywhere When studying caves in Florida & the Bahamas he found stalactites & stalagmites When studying caves in Florida & the Bahamas he found stalactites & stalagmites This indicates that the caves were above sea level at one time This indicates that the caves were above sea level at one time Stalactites grow down from the top of cave from dripping water Stalactites grow down from the top of cave from dripping water Stalagmites grow from the floor of the cave up from the minerals in the water Stalagmites grow from the floor of the cave up from the minerals in the water

5. Oceanography Water Water Everywhere John Trefry another oceanographer discovered black smokers in a minisub called Alvin John Trefry another oceanographer discovered black smokers in a minisub called Alvin Black smokers are a type of hydrothermal vent which is a crack in the ocean floor that spews super heated water & minerals from inside the Earth onto the ocean floor Black smokers are a type of hydrothermal vent which is a crack in the ocean floor that spews super heated water & minerals from inside the Earth onto the ocean floor At one time it was believed that life could not exist without sun light (but life thrives near Black smokers) At one time it was believed that life could not exist without sun light (but life thrives near Black smokers)

6. Meteorology It’s a Gas Meteorology is the study of the entire atmosphere Meteorology is the study of the entire atmosphere Anytime you talk about the weather you are discussing Meteorology Anytime you talk about the weather you are discussing Meteorology The most common career in meteorology is weather forecasting The most common career in meteorology is weather forecasting

7. Astronomy Far Far Away Astronomy is the study of all physical things beyond the Earth Astronomy is the study of all physical things beyond the Earth They study stars, planets, and moons They study stars, planets, and moons Early astronomers used only their eyes to observe the stars and the moon Early astronomers used only their eyes to observe the stars and the moon Only a couple of centuries ago they started using optical telescopes Only a couple of centuries ago they started using optical telescopes These days we observe stars using radio, x-ray, inferred, ultraviolet, and gamma ray telescopes These days we observe stars using radio, x-ray, inferred, ultraviolet, and gamma ray telescopes

8. Special Branches of Earth Science Sometimes Earth sciences find themselves in careers that rely on life, chemistry, physics, and other areas of science Sometimes Earth sciences find themselves in careers that rely on life, chemistry, physics, and other areas of science Ecologists study ecosystems, an ecosystem is a community of organisms and their nonliving environment Ecologists study ecosystems, an ecosystem is a community of organisms and their nonliving environment Geochemists combines the studies of geology and chemistry Geochemists combines the studies of geology and chemistry

9. Special Branches of Earth Science Environmental science is the study of how humans interact with the environment Environmental science is the study of how humans interact with the environment Geographers study the surface features of the Earth Geographers study the surface features of the Earth Cartographers make maps of the Earth’s features Cartographers make maps of the Earth’s features