1. Dr Chris Kyriacou University of York ck1@york.ac.uk Conceptualising teacher resilience in relation to stress

2. Defining teacher resilience Maintaining positive attributes in the face of challenges, pressures and demands (c.f. notion of ‘teacher stress’ – the experience of negative emotions in the face of challenges, pressures and demands one may be unable to meet)

3. Positive attributes ● Attitudes towards the work ● Attitudes towards those with whom one interacts ● Job satisfaction, motivation and commitment ● Job performance

4. The teacher resilience continuum ● A continuum from positive to negative attributes ● Negative attributes resemble teacher burnout (a state of physical, emotional and attitudinal exhaustion) ● Notions of ‘maintaining position’ and ‘bouncing back’

5. Teacher resilience across career phases: early career Career Phase Challenges Resilience Early career Workload Developing Discipline competence Finance

6. Teacher resilience across career phases: mid career Career Phase Challenges Resilience Mid career Renewal Expertise Promotion Rejuvenation Responsibilities Change Routine

7. Teacher resilience across career phases: late career Career Phase Challenges Resilience Late career Energy Comfort Managing others Challenge Accountability Obsolesence

8. Enhancing teacher resilience ● Building up skills ● Changing work practices ● Avoiding areas of vulnerability ● Taking advice ● Making use of social support ● Adopting positive mental strategies ● Having out of school interests

9. Other factors ● Personaility (including self-efficacy beliefs) ● Consequences ● Options