1. Chapter 12 Part II Stress and Health The BARE Minimum!

2. I.Define Stress A.Process by which we… 1.Perceive and respond to certain events called stressors. Stress.wmv Stress.wmv 2.Appraise these stressors as either threatening or challenging.

3. B.Explain the difference between STRESS an STRESSORS I.Stressors are events that set off the stress process. They may be + and/or -. They may inspire and/or threaten you. 2.Stress is the process of reacting to the stressors (physical, emotional, psychological).

4. C. Is there good stress? 1.Give examples of EUSTRESS (stressors that motivate or challenge you positively) 2.Give examples of DISTRESS (stressors that create a negative reaction)

5. II.How do people respond to stress PHYSICALLY? A.Biological Response System Hans Selye – French Canadian 1.Mnemonic: ARE GAS General Adaptation Syndrome General physical adaptation to stressors!!!

6. B.ARE Physiological Response 1.ALARM(phase 1) a.Activation of SNS when stressor presented. (Fill ‘er up… Vroom!) What happens??? 2.RESISTANCE(phase 2) a.Temp, BP, Hormonal Output, Neurotransmitter Output all HIGH (I’m at a quarter of a tank!) b.Leads to:

7. 3.EXHAUSTION (Phase 3) a.Begin using ineffective coping mechanisms. (Runnin’ on empty.) b.PNS kicks in c.SNS depleted d.Vulnerable to illness/collapse/death *Article – Stress and the Brain http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQywyxrZxp0

8. PSYCHOLOGICAL COPING I.How do people respond to stress PSYCHOLOGICALLY? A.Richard Lazarus * P. S. --You’re Stressed 1.P:Primary Appraisal Determine how stressor will affect your well-being. Can you cope? Is this a threat or a challenge?

9. Lazarus Continued 2.S:Secondary Appraisal Determine whether coping abilities are sufficient and select the BEST strategy for coping. What can I do to cope?

10. Common Stressors A.Catastrophes: Examples? B.Significant Life Changes: Examples? C.Daily Hassles Examples? D.Frustrations The stress one feels when they are BLOCKED from reaching a goal. *Stress Evaluation – Take yours and score

11. Common Stressors Continued E.Conflict (Kurt Lewin) *Given two choices, MUST choose one. Cannot compromise Cannot reject both Hence, you feel internally “conflicted”. 1.Approach/Approach 2.Approach/Avoidance 3.Avoidance/Avoidance

12. Coping – What do we do? A.Rely on Strong Psychological Traits: 1.Positive Appraisal Style Optimism Internal Locus of Control Fewer psychophysiological illnesses *Lead to appraisal of challenge  eustress  direct coping B.Personality Type 1.Type A – A for ANGER! *Assertive, fast – paced, impatient, angry *Vulnerable to cardiovascular problems 2.Type B – * Slower-paced, relaxed, not as vulnerable.

13. How to Build Positive Appraisal?  Gratitude  Savoring –Correlated with optimism, internal locus of control, life satisfaction, self-control, self-esteem  Meditation (Anger/Catharsis/Parasympathetic) –Become well-practiced!  Reframing  http://www.ted.com/talks/shawn_achor_the_happy_secret_ to_better_work.html http://www.ted.com/talks/shawn_achor_the_happy_secret_ to_better_work.html http://www.ted.com/talks/shawn_achor_the_happy_secret_ to_better_work.html

14. Applying the Bare Minimum CREATE A PERSONAL GRAPHIC ORGANIZER How have the following factors of stress affected you over the last three months of A.P. Psychology (and by life outside of A.P. Psychology)? Consider your coping strategies for:  Emotions Presentations/Prizes  Review Calendar/Schedule  Final exam (next class)  Term Ending  CCN Due Today  Your Life! Be sure to include an application of the following: Distress/Eustress Life Changes Daily Hassles FrustrationsConflict General Adaptation Syndrome Appraisal Style Type A/Type B Perceived Control Coping (gratitude, savoring, meditation, reframing)