1. Utilisation of bacteria for anti-fouling biofilm able to avoid the settlement and growth of micro&macro organisms

2. Fouling mechanism 1: adherence of bact. Colony (Van der Waals)
2: anchoring (pilis)
3: polysaccharide matrix
4: M.O. Attachment
5: More fouling

3. State of research...
Study of inhibitory effect of various bact. strains on various M.O.
Characterization of attachment mechanism of fouling agents
Characterization of inhibiting extracellular products

4. Advantages/drawbacks+ -
Up to 90 % inhibition of MO
Many different MO types → effect limited to spec. species
No toxic paint on hulls
Mutations: cancel inhib. effect

5. Feasibility Genetically: ? Sea: very complex medium
Need significant upstream research (surface materials, )
Need experimental validation of designed bacteria with many different conditions → more time than actual engineering ?
Lots of economical interest in this

6. Bacteria used Alteromonas
Pseudoalteromonas : extensively studied for its anti-fouling activity
=> Inhibit the settlement and growth of a large number of organisms

7. Anti-fouling substance produced
Protein or peptide
Thermostable
Hydrophilic
>3500 daltons in molecular size
Inhibition of settlement by 2 ways:
direct: induce lysis in cultures
Indirect: emission from the bacteria of chemical products which inhibit growth and settlement

8. Two possibilities
Continuous secretion of a given molecule which will avoid the deposit of molluscs on the hull
Secretion in response to a given input (e.g. shear stress)

9. Description of the bioparts
Input: when bacteria sense an external input, triggering of the production of a certain molecule to avoid the deposit of plants and mollusc, for example in response to pressure
=> possibility to use luxR for example for the modelisation = inducible promoter, normally off, which turn on in response to an external input

10. Description of the bioparts
2. Output: the bacteria can produce a molecule in order to kill molluscs attached or to prevent the adhesion.
=> possibility to use something like GFP as an output in our modelisation

11. Description of the bioparts
3. Filter: need to avoid the noise
coherent feedforward loop with AND-gate.
Input  fast degrading primary messenger  stable secondary messenger  AND- gate