1. MATERIAL BALANCE METHODOLOGY Julia Brown Manager, Process Development

2. Introduction: In an enterprise, the waste and emission problems, appear from the production points where the materials are used, processed and treated. To give a solution to your environmental problems, the sources has to be identified, as well as the volume and the causes of the waste and emissions......

3. ..... The substances with which you are working with, have to be known, to estimate its real value in the process and to estimate possible developments during the evaluation. Introduction

4. “Materials Balance analysis (MB) is a systematic reconstruction of the way in which a chemical element, a compound or material passes through a natural cycle and/or its economical benefits. An analysis of the material flow, usually is based on the origin of a physical balance.” German investigation Committe, 1993 Definition

5. Describes or illustrates any material flow present in the enterprise. Trace the waste at the point at which it is generated. Print data so that decisions may be taken. Identify the production process weaknesses. Give a detailed reasonable and quantified priorization of the results to obtain wastes and emissions minimization. Objectives of BM

6. Identify the materials used by the enterprise. Identify the sources, the volumes and causes of the wastes and emissions. Create a base for the evaluation and prediction of future developments. Define strategies to improve the general situation of the enterprise. Results

7. Analysis points have to be defined and the parameters that are to be evaluated. The overview or overall effect of the balance has to be defined. The time period considered by the balance has to be defined. The process consequences are defined. The flow diagram is designed. The MB´s are to be generated. Results should be interpreted. How a MB is done?

8. 1. Analysis Points and Technical Advice The process areas that will be studied has to be determined. Analysis as a function of: costs, risks, secure deposit of wastes, volume etc.

9. First step is to develop an analysis of input and output of the enterprise. Detailed analysis in relation to the more extensive flows and ecological problems. Definition of each flow’s importance 1. Points of Analysis and Technical Advice

10. Actual Reactive Advice Internal rules Knowledge of the source Segregation Reliable points Variation with the time Internal rules Knowledge of the source Segregation Reliable points Variation with the time strategy 1.1 Conditions of Technical Advice

11. 2. MB Overview The productive process is divided into sequencial steps according to the priority of the analysis and the study of the flows previously done.

12. 3. Definition of the period of time The representative period of time has to be choosen depending of the type and size of the enterprise.

13. 4. Definition of process sequence Detailed study of the material flow. Processes are divided according to a representative structure. What are considered processes? activities, equipments, products or utility aspects.

14. 5. Flow diagram Graphic interpretation of the materials flows. It shows volumes, proportions, ecological relevance among other characteristics. Indicate the sequence or steps of the productive process.

15. Flow Diagram Example First soak by spray Caustic soda bath Soak by inmersion Caustic soda bath Final soak by inmersion Returned bottles Water Caustic soda Detergent Vapor Water Caustic soda Detergent Vapor Water Vapor Water Vapor Detergent Residues Caustic soda Residues Org. & inorg. matter Labels+ Caustic soda sol. Residual bath Muds Condensates Residual bath Muds Condensates Washed bottles Input Output

16.  Conservation mass principle is used because it indicates that: Input Material = Output Material Units of measurements given in kg or m 3 6. Material Balance

17. Example 1: Input and Output diagram Auxiliary materials Unit Operation Raw material Product (expected) byproduct (usable) Waste WaterEnergy Waste easily assimilated by the environment Inert waste always available toxic/dangerous waste

18. Plant, Process or Unit Operación Gaseous emissions Raw materials Catalyst Air/Water Energy Recycle Reusable residues in other operation Products By-products Wastewater Liquid waste Solid waste Example 2: Input and Output

19. 7. Interpretation Establish standards that will establish a relationship between the material consume and the waste generated. Establish the process efficiency indicators. (for example Kwh/coffee produced)

20. One dollar invested in prevention is like one thousand dollars in medicine

21. Thank you