1. Kinetic Spot Welding Curtis Prothe DMC Clad Metal Mt. Braddock, PA EPNM 2012 May 2-5 Strasbourg, France

2. Dynamic Materials Corporation Kinetic Spot Welding (KSW) was developed and patented by DMC to:  Provide a spot weld having the qualities of an Explosion Weld.  Create a system viable for use in any manufacturing or fabricating environment.  Provide a means of repetitive, reliable spot welding of thin dissimiliar metals.

3. Dynamic Materials Corporation KSW: A new generation of welding from and old family tree.  Kinetic spot welding is a subset of the well developed, robust Explosion Welding Technology  A flyer sheet is accelerated across a distance to collide with a fixed base sheet under conditions which cause welding  For kinetic spot welds, the explosive energy source is replaced with a highly focused, common industrial alternative

4. Dynamic Materials Corporation Explosion Welding (EXW) Synopsis  EXW is a well known technology for joining dissimilar metals.  EXW is a Cold Process - No bulk heating of the metals, no diffusion, continuous melting, or HAZ  Large explosive energy requirements limit the use to remote, or isolated areas.

5. Dynamic Materials Corporation EXW Spot Welds  Explosion spot welding demonstrated with reduced explosive quantities  EXW Spot welds technically successful, but still plagued by explosive licensing and regulatory issues.

6. Dynamic Materials Corporation Kinetic Spot Welding (KSW)  Utilizes the energy of a high velocity projectile to generate the collision parameters necessary to create a weld.  KSW projectile can be accelerated by a deflagrating product (propellant, or gunpowder), pneumatic or hydraulic pressure, gas combustion or magnetic impulse.  Eliminates the use of explosives

7. Dynamic Materials Corporation Kinetic Welding Schematic # 1

8. Dynamic Materials Corporation Kinetic Welding Schematic # 2

9. Dynamic Materials Corporation Kinetic Welding Schematic # 3

10. Dynamic Materials Corporation Kinetic Welding Schematic # 4

11. Dynamic Materials Corporation KSW Development  In order to develop a kinetic spot weld, the parameters necessary to develop EXW must be created.  The primary parameters to be controlled are:  Energy  Collision Angle  Collision Velocity

12. Dynamic Materials Corporation KSW Development  The projectile must convey the proper amount of kinetic energy, requiring a balance of velocity and mass.  The projectile material must not damage the cladding metal during impact.

13. Dynamic Materials Corporation KSW Development  Welding parameters were achieved by developing the proper:  Projectile Shape  Projectile Material type  Impact velocities

14. Dynamic Materials Corporation KSW Parameters Cladder Metal Cladder Thickness Base Metal Projectile Velocity (ft/sec) Projectile Velocity (m/sec) Copper 102 1.6mm (0.063 ” ) Carbon Steel 2000610 Tantalum0.25mm (0.010 ” ) Carbon Steel 1750530 Tantalum0.50mm (0.020 ” ) Carbon Steel 2150650 Aluminum 5052 O 1.6mm (.063 ” ) Aluminum 5052 O 2150650

15. Dynamic Materials Corporation Materials Welded Using KSW  1.6mm Copper welded to Carbon Steel

16. Dynamic Materials Corporation Materials Welded Using KSW  Copper to Carbon Steel interface shown at 50x

17. Dynamic Materials Corporation Materials Welded Using KSW  Aluminum 5052 O to Aluminum 5052 O KSW Interface

18. Dynamic Materials Corporation KSW Development  During EXW, standoff is achieved by using sacrificial devices in the interface  In KSW, the cladding metal is dimpled to create standoff distance without introducing foreign material in the interface

19. Dynamic Materials Corporation Multiple KSW Sample 0.5mm Tantalum bonded to Carbon Steel

20. Dynamic Materials Corporation Materials Welded Using KSW  0.50 mm Tantalum welded to Carbon Steel 38mm 14mm

21. Dynamic Materials Corporation KSW Testing  Ultrasonic inspection show that projectiles 18.5mm in diameter create weld diameters from 10 to 14 mm.  Typical destructive testing techniques, such as ASME SA265 shear strength testing are not viable for such thin metals.  DMC Developed a hydrostatic testing fixture to test the strength of the KSW weld.

22. Dynamic Materials Corporation KSW Testing  KSW sample of 0.50mm Tantalum- Carbon Steel hydrostatically tested.  >55 MPa was applied without weld failure or joint separation.  Bond strength of spot weld exceeded the shear strength of the tantalum.

23. Dynamic Materials Corporation Hydro-Static Test Sample Tantalum Sheared under pressure - KSW intact

24. Dynamic Materials Corporation Advantages of KSW Spot Welding  Provide a spot weld having the qualities of an Explosion Weld.  Can be used in a typical fabrication shop environment  Does not require the use of explosives

25. Dynamic Materials Corporation Advantages of KSW Spot Welding  Best suited for very thin cladding sheets  Can be used to attach a liner inside a finished vessel  Can be used for repair of damaged cladding

26. Dynamic Materials Corporation Limitations of KSW  Not a full area cladding technology. Each spot weld is limited to a size of approximately 10 to 16 mm  Not suitable for thick cladding

27. Dynamic Materials Corporation Potential KSW Applications  Lining vessels with thin layers of expensive metals such as Tantalum or Niobium.  Spot welding of alloys and dissimilar metals that are difficult or impossible to weld with conventional resistance spot welding techniques  Attachment of applique spots, such as thin platinum discs onto titanium

28. Dynamic Materials Corporation Summary - Kinetic Spot Welding  Provides Spot Welds with EXW qualities  Possible to produce spot welds between practically any metal combination  Viable in any manufacturing environment  Rapid cycle time possible with automation

29. Dynamic Materials Corporation Thank You For More Information on DMC Visit www.dynamicmaterials.com