2. What is electromagnetic radiation? radiation moving at the speed of light

3. To a certain degree the stability of a nucleus can be correlated to its ratio of _________ to ________ Protons, neutrons

4. _____________ of cadmium or boron are used to control the fission process inside the reactor by absorbing neutrons during the reaction. Control rods

5. What type of radiation has sufficient energy to damage DNA? Ionizing radiation

6. List 2 of the 4 types of nuclear reactions. Radioactive Decay Nuclear Bombardment Fission Fusion

7. What is the name of the woman who was a pioneer of nuclear chemistry? Marie Curie

8. What is the charge of an alpha particle? +2

9. How are nuclear reactions different from chemical reactions? Chemical = involve boding of valence electrons; same types & amounts of atoms on reactant side as product side Nuclear = involve changes in the nucleus (protons/neutrons); different atoms as reactant side as compared to product s

10. What are the 3 types of nuclear radiation? Alpha particles Beta particles Gamma rays

11. What is the nuclear symbol for an alpha particle AND beta particle? Alpha = Beta =

12. What could stop gamma rays? Several cm of lead/cement

13. What could stop alpha particles? A piece of paper

14. What is the charge of a beta particle?

15. The spontaneous break-down of a nucleus into a slightly lighter nucleus, accompanied by the emission of nuclear radiation is known as ____ Radioactive decay

16. Radiation with NOT enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules is called __________ Non-ionizing radiation

17. Which type of nuclear radiation travels at the speed of light? Gamma rays

18. Mass of fissionable material needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction is called ________ Critical mass

19. A general term for any type of energy that emanates or radiates outward in all directions is called ______ Radiation

20. Write the hyphen notation of an isotope of radium (Ra) with the mass number of 238 and atomic number of 88 Radium - 238

21. Write the nuclear symbol of an isotope with an atomic number of 13 and a mass number of 29.

22. A change in the identity of a nucleus because of a change in the number of its protons is called ______ Transmutation

23. What is fission? A heavy nucleus SPLITS- forming medium weight nuclei

24. Atoms of the same element having different numbers of NEUTRONS and, therefore, a different mass number and atomic mass are called ________ Isotopes

25. During fission and fusion reactions, what is the relationship between the MASS of the reactants and the products? The mass of the products is LESS than the mass of the reactants

26. What type of nuclear radiation consists of particles containing two protons and two neutrons? Alpha

27. Which type of nuclear radiation has NO CHARGE? Gamma Rays

28. ______ is the missing mass of a nuclear reaction that is converted into energy. Mass defect

29. Which type of nuclear radiation has the LARGEST mass? Alpha particles

30. The time needed for the decay of one half the atoms in a sample of radioactive material is known as______________ ½ life

31. What powers the sun? FUSION

32. What type of nuclear reaction occurs when the nucleus is hit with alpha particles, neutrons, protons or other particles? Nuclear Bombardment

33. Small amounts of mass are converted to HUGE amounts of energy according to Einstein's famous formula. What is this formula? E = mc 2

34. What type of nuclear reaction happens at TMI? FISSION

35. What is a benefit of radiation? Medicine Military Anthropology Food-microwaves Energy- electricity

36. What type of radiation is emitted in the following equation? Beta Particle

37. Balance the following equation.

39. Which type of nuclear radiation has the HIGHEST ionizing ability? Alpha Particle

40. List an example of how radiation is BENEFICIAL. Medicine- tracers, cancer treatment Military – bombs Anthropology – carbon dating Food – microwaves Electricity - TMI

41. Which type of nuclear radiation has the LOWEST ionizing ability? Gamma rays

42. How long does it take one radioactive atom to decay? It is impossible to tell!! – Half-life is based on a sample of radioactive atoms

43. What is fusion? 2 light weight nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus

44. Which would produce the MOST energy from a reaction? Fission OR Fusion FUSION