1. Ethnicity and youth sub-cultures http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCwexDUiZDY&fe ature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqsP0vQJJ44&fea ture=player_embedded#http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqsP0vQJJ44&fea ture=player_embedded#! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9axXKI3zB gU

2. Key words Hybridity Ethnocentrism Discrimination Prejudice Ethnicity Race

3. Ethnicity Ethnicity is related to culture, descent and a shared sense of identity (Modood 2005) Therefore ethnicity is related to race, as well as nationality as well as religion. Factors which have influenced people’s ethnic identities are immigration and globalisation. In Britain there is much diversity of ethnic backgrounds this has lead to Hybrid Cultures such as Brasian (British Asian) a blend of different cultures creating an entirely new ethnicity.

4. Sub-cultures Rastafarians – Jamaica, Bob Marley, religion, capitalism resistance, resistance to white oppression. Bhangra – folk music from Punjab has been incorporated into contemporary music styles Shown in Brasian (New Hybrid identity British Asian) Hip-Hop Gansta Rap – born in the Bronx in 1970s – Rap music, dance, graffiti, female exploitation - Hybridity is strong e.g Eminem

5. Researchers Hall (1996) New ethnicities. Stuart Hall recognises how ethnic groups have influenced one another due to migration and globalisation producing hybrid identities. Modood et al (1997) most second generation immigrants (Caribbean and South Asian) saw themselves as both British and Black/Asian Les Back (1996) found white youths adopting black caribbean culture on London council estates. Tony Sewell (1997) found Black youths developed anti- school and resistant sub-cultures based on rastafarian or gansta/hip-hop culture – macho, materialist – gave them status they could not get from white society.

6. Positives and Negatives + More choice + Hybrid identities due to immigration + Rich diversity in music, fashion, media - Intolerance/racism/ethnocentrism - Gang related activity – due to intolerance - Resistance due to racism past/present - Erosion of British culture (read David Starkey’s comments) http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/aug/13/david- starkey-claims-whites-black http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QGNxRGgBwM

7. Ethnicity Read pg 7-8 of peach workbook and identify main ideas about ethnicity and youth Write notes on the concepts of Resistance hybrid cultures ethnocentrism