2. The Winds of Change are Blowing The Coming Energy Revolution The Coming Energy Revolution Chris Cobb Chris Cobb

3. Problems with the Petroleum Status Quo Problems with the Petroleum Status Quo  Exxon Valdez  Habitat destruction  Finite supply  OPEC, price fixing  Air pollution  Ozone depletion  Global Warming

4. Wind Energy Wind Energy  Vastly  Vastly improved technology has made wind power more viable  Differentially  Differentially exploitable  Storage  Storage and transportation concerns

5. Solar Energy Solar Energy  Clean, abundant, free  Necessary for life  Differentially exploitable

6. Fuel Cells Fuel Cells !Invented in 1839 !Available for commercial, residential, transportation and recreational use !Byproducts include electricity, heat, water, and other gases depending on energy source

7. Types of Fuel Cells * Alkaline * Phosphoric-acid * Solid Oxide (SOFC) * Molten Carbonate * Proton Exchange Membrane (PEMFC)

8. Potential FC Energy Sources ※ Hydrogen ※ Propane ※ Methanol ※ Kerosene ※ Natural Gas ※ Diesel Fuel ※ Gasoline ※ Solar Energy ※ Wind Power

9. Fuel Cell Powered Vehicles n Existing Chinese technology n Powered by 18kW PEMFC n Note fuel storage tank location on top of vehicles

10. Vehicle Efficiency Ü Combustion engine powered - 20% Ô Battery powered - 26% Ô FC powered - 24-32%

11. Professor David King, Prime Minister Tony Blair’s chief scientific advisor, has called for a complete ban on gas or diesel powered cars - the first such advisement by any world Government agency. (Perhaps not all things English are so bad after all…)

12. Home Use 4 FC’s are already being field tested for home use 4 Retrofitting is minimal 4 Costs expected to come down rapidly with mass production

13. Resources Fuel Cells 2000: The Online Fuel Cell Information Center Fuel Cells 2000: The Online Fuel Cell Information Center Fuel Cells 2000: The Online Fuel Cell Information Center Fuel Cells 2000: The Online Fuel Cell Information Center Fuelcellonline.com Fuelcellonline.com Fuelcellonline.com Fuel Cell Today Fuel Cell Today Fuel Cell Today Fuel Cell Today National Fuel Cell Research Center: Fuel Cell Information National Fuel Cell Research Center: Fuel Cell Information National Fuel Cell Research Center: Fuel Cell Information National Fuel Cell Research Center: Fuel Cell Information U.S. Department of Defense: Fuel Cell Program Overview U.S. Department of Defense: Fuel Cell Program Overview U.S. Department of Defense: Fuel Cell Program Overview U.S. Department of Defense: Fuel Cell Program Overview Fuel Cell Library Fuel Cell Library Fuel Cell Library Fuel Cell Library

14. Resources continued... U.S. Fuel Cell Council International Fuel Cells U.S. Fuel Cell Council International Fuel Cells U.S. Fuel Cell Council International Fuel Cells U.S. Fuel Cell Council International Fuel Cells Hydrogen Fuel Cell Program Hydrogen Fuel Cell Program Hydrogen Fuel Cell Program Hydrogen Fuel Cell Program BC Research Inc. Centre for Alternative Transportation Fuels BC Research Inc. Centre for Alternative Transportation Fuels BC Research Inc. Centre for Alternative Transportation Fuels BC Research Inc. Centre for Alternative Transportation Fuels Renewable Technologies Inc. Renewable Technologies Inc. Renewable Technologies Inc. Renewable Technologies Inc. Argonne National Laboratory Transportation Research Argonne National Laboratory Transportation Research Argonne National Laboratory Transportation Research Argonne National Laboratory Transportation Research The Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell The Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell The Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell The Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell

15. Even More Resources... Even More Resources... The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Fuel Cells: Green Power Fuel Cells: Green Power Fuel Cells: Green Power Fuel Cells: Green Power http://e1ps.tripod.com/E1PSwebsite/id2.html http://e1ps.tripod.com/E1PSwebsite/id2.html http://e1ps.tripod.com/E1PSwebsite/id2.html http://e1ps.tripod.com/E1PSwebsite/id2.html