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Published byAlison Johns Modified over 8 years ago
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Organic Chemistry HCC H C C C CC C H H H H H H H O H H H H H C C C H H H H C C C H H H H H H H H
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Carbon is 1% of all elements found on Earth. Chemicals are either organic and inorganic. 13 million known compounds only 100 000 are classified as inorganic. Organic: All carbon containing covalent compounds. Except: CO, CO 2, CS 2, and all ionic carbon compounds. Plastics, all fuels, drugs, rubber, clothes, carbohydrates, fats and proteins (anything alive).
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Naturally occurring organic compounds are made of decomposed animals and plants – FOSSIL FUELS. Petroleum (Latin -‘petra’ (rock) and ‘oleum’ (oil) ) crude oil Industrial distillation is the process of using boiling point to separate crude oil into organic compounds. Items made from oil are called petro- products.
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C 1 to C 6 C 6 to C 15 C 15 to C 18 C 18 to C 24
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Typical Distillation Towers at Shell oil refineries
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A carbon atom has four valence electrons. It will form 4 covalent bonds to fill valence shell Hydrogen only needs to form 1 covalent bond (1e - ) Methane CH 4 C H H H H The simplest organic compounds contain only single covalent bonds.
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Alkanes · distinguished by C-C single covalent bonds · general formula C n H 2n+2 · considered saturated (all single bonds) Propane C3H8C3H8 Methane CH 4 C - C - C H HH HH H H H
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H HH HH H H H Propane C 3 H 8 H H H H CCC HH HH
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IUPAC Naming International Union of Pure And Applied Chemistry
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Longest continuous carbon chain is the parent chain. Parent chain is named as the number of carbons and suffix “ane” MethaneCH 4 EthaneCH 3 CH 3 PropaneCH 3 CH 2 CH 3 ButaneCH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 PentaneCH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 HexaneCH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 HeptaneC 7 H 16 OctaneC 8 H 18 NonaneC 9 H 20 DecaneC 10 H 22
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C 3 H 8 Molecular Formula CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 Condensed Formula C – C – C Carbon Skeleton CH 3 – CH 2 – CH 3 Structural Formula Complete Structural C - C - C H HH HH H H H
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Draw all the formula types for pentane. C 5 H 10 Molecular CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Condensed C – C – C – C – C Carbon Skeleton CH 3 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 3 Structural Complete
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C 8 H 18 Molecular CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Condensed C – C – C – C – C – C – C – CSkeleton CH 3 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 3 Structural Complete C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C HH HH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Draw all the formula types for octane.
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