1. OBJECTIVE 4.01: RECOGNIZE BASIC TEXTILES USED IN INTERIORS

2. FIBERS The raw materials that make fabrics. They are thin and hair-like. Fibers come from either natural or manufactured sources. FIBERS NATURALMANUFACTURED

3. WOOL AND COTTON FIBERS

4. POLYESTER AND NYLON FIBERS

5. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS: PLANT SOURCES Strengths Absorbent Strong Dyes well Seldom damaged by insects Weaknesses Burn easily Stained by mildew Yellow Low in elasticity Wrinkle easily Shrink in hot water

6. COTTON Bed and bath linens Rugs Draperies Upholstery

7. FLAX PLANTS (LINEN) Tablecloths Kitchen towels Draperies Upholstery

8. RAMIE (WAS THE FABRIC USED TO WRAP MUMMIES!) Most commonly blended with other fibers to help produce a silky luster to the fabric’s appearance

9. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTEIN FIBERS: ANIMAL SOURCES Strengths Burn slowly Good elasticity and resiliency Strong Lustrous Wrinkle resistant Weaknesses Need to be careful in cleaning (dry clean) Water spots easily Poor resistance to sunlight (silk) Eaten by moths (wool)

10. SILK

11. WOOL

12. ANIMAL SKINS (LEATHER, FURS)

13. MANUFACTURED FIBERS (SYNTHETIC FIBERS) Manufactured fibers are divided into 2 groups: cellulosic and noncellulosic. Both contain oil products and other chemicals Cellulosic also contains wood cellulose Manufactured Fibers CellulosicNoncellulosic

14. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MANUFACTURED FIBERS Strengths Launder well Moth proof Non-allergenic Weakness Heat sensitive

15. CELLULOSIC MANUFACTURED FIBERS Characteristics Drapes well Dyes easily Weak Poor resistance to abrasion Rayon Acetate

16. NON-CELLULOSIC MANUFACTURED FIBERS Characteristics Do not stretch or shrink Nonabsorbent Resists creases and abrasion Heat sensitive Creates static electricity Nylon Polyester Olefin Acrylic

17. FIBERS TO FABRICS Fibers are processed and twisted together to create yarns. Yarns are woven into fabric Weaving involves interlacing two systems of yarns at right angles to each other. Warp Yarn: lengthwise threads Weft Yarn: crosswise threads (filling yarns)

18. PLAIN WEAVE Simplest weave Over 1, under 1

19. PLAIN WEAVE VARIATIONS Basket Weave: Plain weave with multiple yarns Over 2, under 2 Ribbed Weave: Warp and weft yarns are different sized

20. TWILL WEAVE Stronger than plain weaves Over 2, under 2. Each succeeding row begins one yarn above or below the last one. Denim is the most common twill weave.

21. SATIN WEAVE The satin weave is smooth, slippery, and drapes well. It is less durable than other weaves Over 4, under 1. Successive rows begin 2 rows away from the last

22. JACQUARD WEAVE It is used for damask, tapestry, and brocade fabrics The over under pattern of the warp and weft yarns create a pattern in the fabric

23. NON-WOVEN FABRICS Knitted fabrics Bonded: Made by applying heat, moisture and pressure to fibers. Ex. Felt Leather

24. OTHER IMPORTANT TERMS 1.Grain – the direction the thread runs (crosswise or lengthwise) 2.Nap – the fiber ends that stand up from the surface of fabric. Fabric looks different from different direction

25. LAWS AND TEXTILES 1.Textile Fiber Products Identification Act: Fibers in a textile product must be labeled in order of predominance by weight. 2.Wool Products Labeling Act: Labels on wool products include the kind and amount of wool used, manufacturer, and country of origin. 3.Flammable Fabrics Act: Prohibits the sale of flammable fabrics. Many new flame-resistant finishes have been developed as a result of this law.