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Nucleic Acids.

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Presentation on theme: "Nucleic Acids."— Presentation transcript:

1 Nucleic Acids

2 Nucleic Acid Basics Contain instructions to build proteins 2 types:
DNA RNA Blueprint to build a car Protein built from DNA instructions

3 Nucleic Acid Basics Contain instructions to build proteins 2 types:
DNA RNA Composed of smaller units called nucleotides Monomer: Nucleotide Polymer: Nucleic acid nucleotide monomer nucleotide nucleotide Nucleic acid (polymer) nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide

4 Nucleotide Structure What’s a nucleotide? Monomer of nucleic acids
Nucleic acid (polymer) nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide

5 Nucleotide Structure What’s a nucleotide? Monomer of nucleic acids
Three parts Sugar molecule Phosphate group 1 of 4 Nitrogen bases (A, T, C, or G) Nucleotides combine to make nucleic acids

6 1 min: Discuss with your neighbor
1. How many nucleotides are pictured? 2. What is this long chain of nucleotides called? 3. Name the blue shaped pentagon molecule. 4. What are these individual monomers called? 5. What will these instructions be used to create? A Six G C Nucleic acid T Sugar T Nucleotides G Protein

7 Deoxyribonucleic Acid
T Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides Four nitrogen bases: Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine Chargaff’s Rules: A pairs with T C pairs with G (can you predict the missing bases?) Gene: section of DNA that codes for a protein G C G C C G T A

8 Nucleotides? How many 1 7 2 8 3 9 4 10 5 11 6 12

9 Ribonucleic Acid Single chain of nucleotides
Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

10 Ribonucleic Acid Single chain of nucleotides
Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine Function: Deliver instructions from DNA to ribosome

11 How do nucleotides bond together?
P O O O Sugar O P O N base O Sugar N base H O H O O O O P P O O O O Sugar Sugar N base N base O O Dehydration synthesis!

12 How do nucleotides bond together?
Dehydration synthesis!

13 How do nucleic acids break apart?
Sugar N base O OH P H O HO O Sugar N base P H Hydrolysis!

14 1 min: Discuss with your neighbor
Monomer Polymer Carbohydrates A? B? Proteins C? Protein Lipids D? Lipid Nucleic acids E? Nucleic acid monosaccharide polysaccharide Amino acid Fatty acid Nucleotide

15 Recap Vocabulary: Monomer, Polymer, Nucleotide, Double helix, Nitrogen base Name the monomer of nucleic acids. How are the four nitrogen bases of DNA abbreviated? RNA? Name the three parts to a nucleotide. What does the phosphate molecule of a nucleotide bond with? If the DNA nitrogen bases were TACCGGAT, how would the attached DNA strand read? How are DNA and RNA different? Same? How does dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis differ?

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