2.  Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to form amino acids and/or other large carbon-based molecules.  Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.

3. Atoms

4.  BIG biological molecules › Made of smaller parts  Monomers  Carbon-based (organic) › Carbohydrates › Nucleic acids › Proteins › Lipids

5.  Cells performed various functions for life  Nucleic acids and proteins are linked

6.  Used for: › Storage of heritable information › Helps make protein  Monomers: nucleotides › Composed of C, H, N, O, P  Found in: › ALL living cells  2 types: DNA & RNA

7. Contain 3 parts: 1. Sugar 2. Phosphate 3. Nitrogenous base

8.  DNA: D eoxyribo n ucleic A cid  Found in nucleus › Also in mitochondria and chloroplasts – evolution  Stores codes for making protein  Passed from parent to offspring  Is easily copied  Double strand of nucleotides: › Deoxyribose sugar › Phosphate › Nitrogen bases  Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

9. Base pair rules  Adenine always pairs with Thymine  Cytosine always pairs with Guanine

10.  If 28% of the bases of a certain segment of DNA are guanine, then what is the percent of the bases are cytosine?  If 30% of the bases of a certain segment of DNA are thymine, then what is the percent of the bases are adenine?

11.  ALL organisms have the same DNA structure and nitrogen bases  Only the amount and sequence of ATGC differentiates the species  Ex: The person sitting next to you is only.01% different in their DNA