1. Warring City States 750 B.C. Why it matters now? Many political systems in today’s world evolved in Greece.

3. Rule & Order in Greek City-States What is a Polis? The basic political unit (city & countryside) Who ruled them? Monarchy- King Aristocracy- small group of nobles Oligarchy- ruled by few powerful men

5. A New Kind of Army At first only bronze weapons Only rich could afford them Steel made weapons cheaper & affordable This allowed all citizens to purchase weapons Result- The Hoplite Phalanx It was the most powerful fighting force in the ancient world

8. Sparta Spartans valued –duty, strength, & duty “Return Victorious or on your shield” It develops a military state Conquered Messenians(helots) are their slaves Two kings ruled with a council of elders Spartan education – Rough life Women- Public life- Ran wrestled & played sports

9. Athens Athens avoids civil war by developing a democracy Solon Reforms the legal system, the assembly, trade, but neglected the peasants Cleisthenes reforms the assembly He creates the Council of 500(citizens) to balance power against the nobles Women –Girly life out of site.

12. The Persian Wars 490 B.C.- 479 B.C. Battle of Marathon-10,000 Greeks Vs 25,000 Persian, Phalanx destroys Persians 6400 dead Persians to 192 Greeks Pheidippides- ran from Marathon to Athens to report the win & not give up the city Battle of Thermopylae- Xerxes of Persia brings an enormous invasion force 300 Spartans make a stand to allow for a retreat Held of the entire army for 3 days before dying

15. Cont. Battle of Salamis (Naval Battle) Surprise attack by Greeks destroys 1/3 of Xerxes fleet He watches in horror from a chair on a cliff Battle of Plataea- Final defeat of Xerxes This begins the Greece Golden Age

17. Now Write an essay- Would you rather be an Athenian or Spartan? Why?