1. Unit 3 – The Age of Absolute Monarchs (1500-1800) Lesson 5: Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

2. James I Defies Parliament Elizabeth I (1558- 1603) died w/out heir Her cousin, James Stuart (Scotland) became James I (1603-1625) of England. Angered Puritans in Parliament and bickered over $$$.

3. Charles I Fights Parliament Charles I (1625-1649) –son of James I needed $$$ b/c war with Sp.& Fr. so he dissolved Parliament. 1628 Petition of Right 1. Due cause to imprison 2. No Taxes w/o Parliament 3. No quartering of soldiers 4. No peacetime martial law He ignored it and dissolved Parl. in 1629 & taxed & fined citizens to get $$$!

4. The English Civil War (1642-49) Charles I made everyone mad! Puritans b/c he upheld Anglican rituals. Presbyterian Scots b/c he forced Anglican prayer book on them so they rebelled & threatened to invade England. He needed $$$ & Parliament began to pass laws to limit him. He tried to arrest their leaders & a mob of Londoners surrounded his palace in 1642. He fled north to raise army b/c they were loyal.

5. Oliver Cromwell Topples Charles I Those loyal to Charles I were called Royalists or Cavaliers. Puritan supporters of Parliament were called Roundheads b/c of their short haircuts. 1645 – General Cromwell began defeating the Cavaliers & they captured the king in 1647, found him guilty of treason, & sentenced him to death! Execution of Charles I

6. Cromwell as Dictator (1649-1658) Abolished monarchy & H. of Lords & sent rest of Parliament home in 1653. 1649 – brutally crushed Irish rebellion; killed 1000’s. Laws promoted Puritan morality & banned theater, sports, & dancing, but tolerant of all faiths except Catholicism. After his death in 1658 his gov’t collapsed.

7. The Restoration (1660) Parliament asked Charles II (Charles I’s son) to rule Parl. passed Habeus Corpus –”to have the body” every prisoner the right to get a writ to go before judge to specify the charges against him. Charles II had no child & his heir was his Catholic brother James. Whigs opposed him & Tories for him. 1685 he died & James II became Catholic king

8. The Glorious Revolution (1688) James II violated law & appointed some Catholics to high office. He flaunted faith. He disbanded Parliament. His 2 nd wife gave birth to a son in 1688 & Protestants worried. James’ older daughter Mary was Protestant & she was married to William of Orange, a Dutch prince. 7 in Parl. invited Wm. & Mary to overthrow James for Protestantism’s sake. They did and he fled to Scotland. A bloodless revolution this time!

9. William & Mary Limit Power William (1688-1702) & Mary (1688-1694) recognize Parliament as governing partner England had become a constitutional monarchy not an absolute monarchy. English Bill of Rts. (1689) listed things a ruler could not do (i.e. no suspending laws, no taxes w/out Parl., freedom of speech, & right to petition king). 1700s – ministers called cabinet would advise the monarch. In time, Prime Minister would lead majority party.