1. JS 118 Theories of Crime and Deviance Danielle Harris danielleharris@gmail.com MH513 Office Hours Tuesday 3pm-5pm

2. What is Criminology? Crime is misunderstood. Why? Definition: (Sutherland and Cressey)  Lawmaking  Lawbreaking  Reactions to lawbreaking Interdisciplinary field Scientific Method

3. Questions for Criminologists:  Why do people commit crime?  What types of crime exist?  How are laws created?  Why do they differ by location?  How can we control/prevent crime?

4. Deviance vs Crime What is deviance? What is a crime?  legalistic definition  Consensus view  Conflict view  Interationist view Deviant =/= Criminal

5. Types of Crime Misdemeanor v Felony Part I v Part II Offenses  Part I: Murder (1 st, 2 nd, voluntary and involuntary manslaughter), rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson Two views:  Social Problems v Social Responsibility

6. Criminological Enterprise Criminal Statistics Sociology of Law Theory Construction Criminal Behavior Systems/Risk Ass’t Penology Victimology Prevention  (primary, secondary, tertiary, situational)

7. Specific Perspectives and Course Outline Classical School (Nature & Extent) Biol & Psych Traits Typologies Social Structure (disorganization) Social Process (learning) Strain Theories Control Theories Choice Theories Labeling/Reaction Critical Theories Feminist Theories Developmental Theories Integrated Theories

8. Classical School Rational decision making Free will Hedonism Offense based perspective Crime is caused by the individual Crime is an injury to society

9. Cesare Beccaria Called for a reform to the CJS Laws should be agreed upon Punishment is necessary BUT… Prevention through education is better No difference between crim & non-crim Utilitarianism

10. Cesare Beccaria Punishment based on act not the actor Should be:  Public  Prompt  Proportional  Certain  Deterrence/Prevention

11. The Rise of Positivism Determinism  Behavior is a function of factors over which people have no control Scientific Method Influence of Charles Darwin

12. Cesare Lombroso Compared cadavers Physical and Social Characteristics Atavists Typology:  Born  Insane  Passionate  Occasional (pseudocriminal, criminaloid, habitual criminal, epilatoid)

13. Evaluation of Lombroso Goring Hooten Sheldon – 3 body types:  Endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorph Sheldon – 3 personality types:  Viscerotonic, somotonic, cerebrotonic

14. Closing Questions? Homework Reading for next week Textbook Slides are online  http://dharris.50webs.com/