1. Technology Guide 3 Data & Database

2. Agenda Definition File processing problems Database Selection criteria

3. Definition Element –Bit, byte, field, record, file, database –Entity, attribute, key field Organization & access method –Sequential file –Indexed sequential file –Direct or random file

4. Agenda Definition File processing problems Database Selection criteria

5. File Processing Problems Redundancy Inconsistency Isolation Security Integrity Data/program independence

6. Agenda Definition File processing problems Database Selection criteria

7. Database Types Structure Models Creation Topology

8. Database Types Business database Geographical information database Knowledge database / deductive database Multimedia database Data warehouse Data marts Multimedia and hypermedia database Object-oriented database

9. Database Structure Data definition language –Schema & subschema Data Manipulation language –Structured Query Language (SQL) –Query By Example (QBE) Data dictionary

10. Database Models Hierarchical –One to many –Usage Network –Many to many –Usage Relational –Normalization –Usage Object-oriented –Usage

11. Database Creation Conceptual design –Logical view –Entity-relationship (ER) diagram Entity, entity classes, instance, attributes, identifier Relationships, binary relationships –Normalization

12. Database Creation Physical design –Physical view –Data topology (organization) Centralized Distributed database –Replicated database –Partitioned –Access method –Security

13. Agenda Definition File processing problems Database Selection criteria

14. Selection Criteria User’ needs (type of application) Compatibility Portability Reliability Cost Feature Performance Vendor’s support Others?

15. Points to Remember Definition File processing problems Database Selection criteria

16. Discussion Question How can a database help an organization? Why normalization is very important for building a database? What kind of database model(s) is most suitable for E-bay? Do you see any problem(s) of the database in your organization?

17. Assignment Review technology guides 1-3 Read technology guide 4, chapter 1 Group Assignment Research paper