1. GoodRelations : An Ontology for Describing Web Offers Primer and User’s Guide Draft 2008. 08. 08 Presented by Jae-won Lee

2. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Introduction  The semantics of products and services are represented by UNSPSC or eClass OWL All of these components do not provide the means required for e-commerce on the Semantic Web “Resource A is an instance of the product class TV set”  Needs for describing offers with the same words Customer “TV” vs Vendor “Television” IDS Lab. Seminar - 2Center for E-Business Technology

3. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Introduction  Comparison eClass OWL – Provides classes, attributes, and values for describing what a product or services is GoodRelations – Provides everything needed for describing the relationship between a business entity and a product or service – Ontology for the relationship between goods and business entities  Any product ontology can be combined with GoodRelations, if a few constraints are met IDS Lab. Seminar - 3Center for E-Business Technology

4. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Usage  Examples Scenario The shop at the Web page http://www.electronics.com offers to sell a single instance of a TV set that has a screen size of 30 centimeters, via this pape for 200 Euroshttp://www.electronics.com  Three parts for express this scenario There is a business entity named Electronics.com (the company) There exists a single TV set that has a screen size of 30 cm (the product) There is an offer made by the Business entity to SELL this particular TV set for 200 Euros (the offering) IDS Lab. Seminar - 4Center for E-Business Technology

5. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Usage  In the following example New identifier within a namespace : http”//www.heppnetz.de/ontologies/gr# N3 notation (breaking down statements into logical parts more easily) IDS Lab. Seminar - 5Center for E-Business Technology RDF/XML : N3 :

6. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Usage  Step 1 : Define the relevant name space and prefixes IDS Lab. Seminar - 6Center for E-Business Technology

7. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Usage  Step 2 : Choose a products and services ontology to describe the product and import GoodRelations To describe the types and features of the actual products or services being offered, you need to import a respective ontology – Toy ontology defines TV set types IDS Lab. Seminar - 7Center for E-Business Technology

8. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Usage  Step 3 : Describe the business entity rdfs:seeAlso – A Web page that contains human readable content IDS Lab. Seminar - 8Center for E-Business Technology

9. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Usage  Step 4 : Describe all things that are being offered mySony 100Set is a TV set that is an actual TV set – Has screen size 30 cm IDS Lab. Seminar - 9Center for E-Business Technology

10. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Usage  Step 5 : Describe the offer and links the offer to the business entity making it IDS Lab. Seminar - 10Center for E-Business Technology -There is an offer to sell something -The offer is described in TypeAnd QuantityNode_1 -The Price is descibed by UnitPrice Specification_1 -Electronics.com is making that offer UnitPriceSecification_1TypeAndQuantityNode_1

11. Copyright  2006 by CEBT RDF graph of the example IDS Lab. Seminar - 11Center for E-Business Technology

12. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Query  Example : Query for offers of TV set IDS Lab. Seminar - 12Center for E-Business Technology

13. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Advanced Topics  Handling of Ranges and Intervals Most quantitative properties of products or services are intervals and not single values How to represent the quantitative properties ? IDS Lab. Seminar - 13Center for E-Business Technology a) We create an ontology class Quantitative Value Quantitative Value b)All properties reflecting quantitative characteristics are represented as the range of Quantitative Value c) For each quantitative value, we create a new instance of Quantitative Value TV Set My TV Set InstanceOf value1 InstanceOf hasWeight d) We attach the upper and lower limits and the unit of Measurement by a datatype or object property 10.0 hasMinValue 10.5 hasMaxValue kg hasUnitOfMeasurement

14. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Advanced Topics  Products and Services: Instances, Models, and Classes Other ontologies do not make the distinction between instances and models of product or services  GoodRelations introduces four classes for product or services classes, instances and models owl:Class ProdcutOrService – The superclass of all classes describing product or services types – The union of (a) ActualProductOrServiceInstance, (b) ProductOrServiceModel, and (c) ProductOrServiceSomeInstancePlaceholder IDS Lab. Seminar - 14Center for E-Business Technology

15. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Advanced Topics  GoodRelations introduces four classes for product or services classes, instances and models owl:Class ActualProductOrServiceInstance – A single identifiable object or action – i.e. MyThinkpadd T60, my Volkswagen Golf owl:Class ProductOrServiceModel – An intangible entity that specifies some characteristics of a group of mass-produced Product – i.e. Volkwagen Gold, Sony Ericsson W123 Cellphone owl:Class ProductOrServicesSomeInstatncePlaceholder – Dummy instance representing anonymous products or services instances – Which are said to exist but not actually being exposed on the Web IDS Lab. Seminar - 15Center for E-Business Technology

16. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Advanced Topics IDS Lab. Seminar - 16Center for E-Business Technology

17. Copyright  2006 by CEBT Critique  Pros. This paper explains on GoodRelations with several examples – It is easy to understand the usage of GoodRelations  Cons. This paper is a user guide – There is no intrinsic definition of GoodRelations What is GoodRelations ? IDS Lab. Seminar - 17Center for E-Business Technology