1. Therapies Therapy - a course of treatment aimed at changing the way a person thinks, feels or behaves. Therapy - a course of treatment aimed at changing the way a person thinks, feels or behaves. Identification of symptoms and advice on appropriate treatments and side effects must be carried out by a mental health professional. Identification of symptoms and advice on appropriate treatments and side effects must be carried out by a mental health professional. Appropriate means which therapies are suitable for various different types of disorder. Appropriate means which therapies are suitable for various different types of disorder. Effectiveness means how well a therapy works. Effectiveness means how well a therapy works.

2. Biological and Psychological Approaches There are four approaches used in treating illnesses: There are four approaches used in treating illnesses: Biological - therapies of this type include psychosurgery, ECT and drug therapy. Biological - therapies of this type include psychosurgery, ECT and drug therapy. Behavioural- therapies of this type include token economy, flooding and aversion therapy. Behavioural- therapies of this type include token economy, flooding and aversion therapy. Cognitive-behavioural (CBT) - therapies of this type include rational emotive therapy. Cognitive-behavioural (CBT) - therapies of this type include rational emotive therapy. Psychodynamic therapy - therapies of this type include psychodrama and psychoanalysis. Psychodynamic therapy - therapies of this type include psychodrama and psychoanalysis.

3. Range of different treatments Often people benefit from having a combination of a few of them!! Often people benefit from having a combination of a few of them!! Biological Biological Psychological Psychological

4. Biological Therapies for Schizophrenia – DRUG THERAPY Based on the DOPAMINE hypothesis (increased Dopamine activity in the brain) Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) work by blocking dopamine receptors

5. Introduction In the 1950s there was no effective treatment for Schizophrenia In the 1950s there was no effective treatment for Schizophrenia Dopamine was discovered in 1952, drugs were developed that had an effect on this neurotransmitter. Dopamine was discovered in 1952, drugs were developed that had an effect on this neurotransmitter. Amphetamines have been found to create symptoms of schizophrenia in healthy people. Amphetamines have been found to create symptoms of schizophrenia in healthy people. Antipsychotic drugs can dramatically reduce symptoms in ill people. Antipsychotic drugs can dramatically reduce symptoms in ill people.

6. ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION If a mental disorder has a biological cause (for example, chemical imbalance in the brain) it may be possible to treat it by changing the way the body functions. If a mental disorder has a biological cause (for example, chemical imbalance in the brain) it may be possible to treat it by changing the way the body functions. Such methods are also known as physiological treatments or somatic treatments ('soma' means 'body'). Such methods are also known as physiological treatments or somatic treatments ('soma' means 'body'). Biological treatments interfere with, and change, the body's physiology (biological processes) and, because of this, they can be described as invasive treatments. Biological treatments interfere with, and change, the body's physiology (biological processes) and, because of this, they can be described as invasive treatments. Biological treatments include drug therapies (chemotherapy), electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) and psychosurgery (surgical procedures). Biological treatments include drug therapies (chemotherapy), electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) and psychosurgery (surgical procedures).

7. Drugs!! Drug treatments are known as chemotherapy - using chemicals to change the way the brain or body works. Drug treatments are known as chemotherapy - using chemicals to change the way the brain or body works. Drug treatments for mental disorders were first introduced in the 1950s - reducing by thousands the number of people permanently in hospitals. Drug treatments for mental disorders were first introduced in the 1950s - reducing by thousands the number of people permanently in hospitals. Drugs that change the way a person thinks or behaves are called psychoactive drugs. Drugs that change the way a person thinks or behaves are called psychoactive drugs. Drugs used to treat mental disorders - psychotherapeutic drugs - alter the chemical functioning of the brain by affecting the action of neurotransmitters. Drugs used to treat mental disorders - psychotherapeutic drugs - alter the chemical functioning of the brain by affecting the action of neurotransmitters.

8. Pros and Cons of Drug Therapies AdvantagesDisadvantages