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2. Seerah of The Prophet Da’wah After the Year of Grief Da’wah After the Year of Grief Offering Islam to Tribes of Arabia

3. Da’wah After the Year of Grief The Messenger of Allah went on the path of Da’wah diligently calling the tribes of Arabia inside and outside Mecca Banu ‘Aamer: – Large and strong tribe, enemies of Thaqif. – They demanded guarantees of leadership after the Prophet – Rejected Islam unless there is earthly benefits Banu Shaybaan: – They welcomed the Prophet and listened to the Message – They would not dare break their agreement with Persia and offer protection to Muslims in their territories. (al-Muthanna: later on the first commander against Persia)

4. Da’wah After the Year of Grie f Lessons: – The Believer always seeks a way, if a door closes we knock on the next. – Never stop calling to the way of Allah – Never despair or lose hope

5. Da’wah After the Year of Grief Suwayd bin As-Samet سويد بن الصامت – From the A’ws – Had the “Magazine of Luqman” – Listened to Quran and admired it. – Killed in the battle of Bu’aath, some reported he died a Muslim. Iyas bin Mu’ath إياس بن معاذ – Came to Mecca seeking alliance with Quraysh against Khazraj – Listened to the Prophet and admired Quran – Killed in the battle of Bu’aath, some reported he died a Muslim.

6. Da’wah After the Year of Grief Yathrib:

7. Da’wah After the Year of Grief Yathrib: Residents of Yathrib before Hijrah (622 CE) The Arabs – The Aus: الأوس : بنو عبد الأشهل بنو عمرو بن عوف... Sa’d bin Mu’aath سعد بن معاذ Usayd bin Hudhayr أسيد بن حضير – The Khazraj: الخزرج : بنو النجار زريق سالم غنم... Ubadah bin As-Samet عبادة بن الصامت As’ad bin Zurarah أسعد بن زرارة The Jewish Tribes – Banu An-Nadhir – Banu Qaynuqa’ – Banu Qurayzhah

8. Da’wah After the Year of Grief Yathrib: Residents of Yathrib before Hijrah (622 CE) The Arabs – The Aus and The Khazraj had fierce rivalry, frequently erupted in wars and battles. – The Day of Bu’ath: عن عائشة : كان يوم بعاث يوما قدمه الله لرسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فقدم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وقد افترق ملؤهم ، وقتلت سرواتهم وجرحوا ، فقدمه الله لرسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم في دخولهم في الإسلام. المحدث : البخاري Al Bukhari: Narrated 'Aisha: The day of Bu'ath (i.e. Day of fighting between the two tribes of the Ansar, the Aus and Khazraj) was brought about by Allah for the good of His Apostle so that when Allah's Apostle reached (Medina), the tribes of Medina had already divided and their chiefs had been killed and wounded. So Allah had brought about the battle for the good of H is Apostle in order that they (i.e. the Ansar) might embrace Islam.

9. Da’wah After the Year of Grief Yathrib: Residents of Yathrib before Hijrah (622 CE) The Jewish Tribes – Banu An-Nadhir – Banu Qaynuqa’ – Banu Qurayzhah Formed Alliances with the Arab tribes and Clans of Yathrib Settled mostly in fortressed around the fertile plains south of Yathrib. Excelled in the Market place and farming. Moved to Yathrib in anticipation of the “New and Final Messenger” and expected to come from the Israelite like the many prophets after Abraham.

10. Da’wah After the Year of Grief As the Messenger of Allah went on the path of Da’wah diligently calling the tribes of Arabia inside and outside Mecca he spoke to groups during Hajj season Year 11 th after Revelation started (620 CE), the Prophet met a group from Yathrib at the ‘Aqabah in Mina. All from the Khazraj: – As’ad bin Zurarah (banu Najjar) أسعد بن زرارة – Awf bin Al-Harith (Ibn ‘Afra’) (banu Najjar) عوف بن الحارث – Rafi’ bin Malik (Banu Zurayq) رافع بن مالك – Qutbah bin ‘Aamer (from banu Salamah) قطبة بن عامر – ‘Uqbah bin ‘Aamer (from Banu Haram) عقبة بن عامر – Jaber bin Abdellah (banu Ghanam) جابر بن عبد الله بن رئاب They all accepted Islam. No Bay’ah took place.

11. The First Pledge of ‘Aqabah Year 12 th after Revelation started (621 CE), the Prophet met a group of 12 men from Yathrib at the ‘Aqabah in Mina: – As’ad bin Zurarah (banu Najjar) أسعد بن زرارة – Awf bin Al-Harith (Ibn ‘Afra’) (banu Najjar) عوف بن الحارث – Rafi’ bin Malik (Banu Zurayq) رافع بن مالك – Qutbah bin ‘Aamer (from banu Salamah) قطبة بن عامر – ‘Uqbah bin ‘Aamer (from Banu Haram) عقبة بن عامر – Mu’ath bin Al-Harith (Ibn ‘Afra’) (banu Najjar) معاذ بن الحارث – Ubadah bin As-Samet عبادة بن الصامت – Thakwan bin Abdul-Qays ذكوان بن عبد القيس – Yazid bin Tha’labah يزيد بن ثعلبة – Al-’Abbas bin ‘Ubadah العباس بن عبادة – Abu-Alhaytham bin Al-Tayhan (from Aus) أبو الهيثم بن التيهان – ‘Uwaym bin Sa’idah (from Aus) عويم بن ساعدة Khazraj Aus

12. The First Pledge of ‘Aqabah The First Pledge of ‘Aqabah (The Pledge of Women بيعة النساء ) (narrated by ‘Ubadah bin As-Samet) – Tawheed ألا نشرك بالله شيئا – Do not steal و لا نسرق – Do not fornicate و لا نزني – Do not kill your children و لا نقتل أولادنا – Do not commit falsehood or evil deeds و لا ناتي ببهتان نفتريه بين أيدينا و أرجلنا – Obey the Messenger in Good Deeds و لا نعصيه في معروف – The reward shall be Paradise فإن وفيتم فلكم الجنة و إن غشيتم من ذلك شيئا فأمركم إلى الله إن شاء عذبكم و إن شاء غفر لكم.

13. The First Pledge of ‘Aqabah Islam spread at a group level outside Mecca for the first time The Messenger of Allah sent Mus’ab bin ‘Umayr مصعب بن عمير with the group to teach Islam and Quran in Yathrib. Mus’ab was called the “Muqri’ المقرئ ” by Muslims of Yathrib He was hosted by Sa’d bin Zurarah (Khazraji), in whose house first congregational prayers and Jum’ahs took place. No migration (Hijrah) of any companions at this point other than Mus’ab and then Abdullah bin Mas’ud to teach Qur’an

14. The First Pledge of ‘Aqabah Islam spread in Yathrib: (The Aus): – Usayd bin Hudhayr أسيد بن حضير – Sa’d bin Mu’adh سعد بن معاذ الزخرف

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16. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah The 13 th year after revelation (622 CE), Hajj season. Meeting at the same place in ‘Aqabah in Mina (first Jamrah) on the 12 th of Dhi Alhijjah. That night Abdullah bin Amr bin Haram (Jaber’s father) declared Islam and joined the group. Ka’b bin Malik said: “We were seventy three men and two women Nusaibah bint Ka‘b from the Najjars and Asma’ bint ‘Amr from Bani Salamah.” We waited for the Messenger of Allah until he came in the company of his uncle Al-‘Abbas bin ‘Abdul Muttalib (who was not a Muslim then)” Al-’Abbas spoke to clarify the seriousness of the Pledge and to assure protection for his nephew, Muhammad.

17. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah روى ذلك الإمام أحمد عن جابر مفصلًا ‏.‏ قال جابر ‏:‏ قلنا ‏:‏ يا رسول الله، علام نبايعك ‏ ؟ ‏ قال ‏:‏ ‏(‏ على السمع والطاعة في النشاط والكسل ‏.‏ وعلى النفقة في العسر واليسر ‏.‏ وعلى الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر ‏.‏ وعلى أن تقوموا في الله، لا تأخذكم في الله لومة لائم ‏.‏ وعلى أن تنصرونى إذا قدمت إليكم، وتمنعونى مما تمنعون منه أنفسكم وأزواجكم وأبناءكم، ولكم الجنة ‏)‏‏.‏

18. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah The Ansar (Helpers) asked the Messenger of Allah about the principles over which they would take a pledge. The Prophet answered: To listen and obey in all sets of circumstances. To spend in plenty as well as in scarcity. To enjoin good and forbid evil. In Allah's service, you will fear the censure of none. They said: that is for your Lord. Ask for yourself, because we want you to come to us. The Prophet said: To defend me in case I came to you (in Yathrib), and debar me from anything you debar yourself, your spouses and children from. And if you fulfill those precepts, Paradise is in store for you.

19. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah فأخذ البراء ابن مَعْرُور بيده ثم قال ‏:‏ نعم، والذي بعثك بالحق نبيًا، لنمنعنك مما نمنع أُزُرَنا منه، فبايعنا يا رسول الله، فنحن والله أبناء الحرب وأهل الْحَلْقَة، ورثناها كابرًا عن كابر ‏.‏ قال ‏:‏ فاعترض القول ـ والبراء يكلم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ أبو الهيثم بن التَّيَّهَان، فقال ‏:‏ يا رسول الله، إن بيننا وبين الرجال حبالًا، وإنا قاطعوها ـ يعنى اليهود ـ فهل عسيت إن نحن فعلنا ذلك، ثم أظهرك الله إن ترجع إلى قومك وتدعنا ‏ ؟ ‏ قال ‏:‏ فتبسم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، ثم قال ‏:‏ ‏(‏ بل الدَّمُ الدَّمُ، والهَدْمُ الْهَدْمُ، أنا منكم وأنتم منى، أحارب من حاربتم، وأسالم من سالمتم ‏)‏‏.‏

20. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah Here Al-Bara’ bin Ma‘rur, caught him by hand, and said: "Oh yes, we swear by Allah, Who sent you as a Prophet in Truth, that we will protect you from whatever we protect our women from. By Allah, we are genuine fighters and quite reliable in war, it is a trait passed down to us from our ancestors." Then ‘Abul Haitham At-Taihan interrupted and said: "O Prophet of Allah! Between us and the Jews, there are agreements which we would then sever. If Allah grants you power and victory, would you leave us and go back to your poeple (meaning Quraish)?" The Prophet smiled and replied:"Nay, it would never be; your blood will be my blood. In life and death I will be with you and you with me. I will fight whom you fight and I will make peace with those with whom you make peace."

21. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah وبعد أن تمت البيعة طلب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يختاروا اثنى عشر زعيمًا يكونون نقباء على قومهم، يكفلون المسئولية عنهم في تنفيذ بنود هذه البيعة، فقال للقوم ‏:‏ أخرجوا إلىّ منكم اثنى عشر نقيبًا ليكونوا على قومهم بما فيهم ‏.‏ ‏ نقباء الخزرج 1 ـ أسعد بن زُرَارَة بن عدس ‏.‏ 2 ـ سعد بن الرَّبِيع بن عمرو ‏.‏ 3 ـ عبد الله بن رواحة بن ثعلبة ‏.‏ 4 ـ رافع بن مالك بن العَجْلان ‏.‏ 5 ـ البراء بن مَعْرُور بن صَخْر ‏.‏ 6 ـ عبد الله بن عمرو بن حَرَام ‏.‏ 7 ـ عبادة بن الصامت بن قيس ‏.‏ 8 ـ سعد بن عبادة بن دُلَيْم ‏.‏ 9 ـ المنذر بن عمرو بن خُنَيْس ‏.‏ نقباء الأوس 1 ـ أُسَيْد بن حُضَيْر بن سِمَاك ‏.‏ 2 ـ سعد بن خَيْثَمَة بن الحارث ‏.‏ 3 ـ رفاعة بن عبد المنذر بن زبير ‏.‏

22. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah The Prophet [pbuh] then asked the group to appoint twelve deputies to preach Islam to their people in Madinah, to shoulder the responsibility of implementing the articles of this pledge and to guide the respective men of their own tribes in matters relating to the propagation of Islam. The deputies elected were nine from Al-Khazraj: As‘ad bin Zurarah bin ‘Ads, Sa‘d bin Ar-Rabi‘ bin ‘Amr, ‘Abdullah bin Rawahah bin Tha‘labah, Rafi‘ bin Malik bin Al-‘Ajlan, Al-Bara’ bin Ma‘rur bin Sakhr, ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr bin Haram, ‘Ubadah bin As-Samit bin Qais, Sa‘d bin ‘Ubadah bin Dulaim and Al-Mundhir bin ‘Amr bin Khunais. Three others were from Al-Aws: Usaid bin Hudair bin Sammak, Sa‘d bin Khaithamah bin Al-Harith and Rifa‘a bin ‘Abdul Mundhir bin Zubair.

23. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah ولما تم اختيار هؤلاء النقباء أخذ عليهم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ميثاقًا آخر بصفتهم رؤساء مسئولين ‏.‏ قال لهم ‏:‏ ‏(‏ أنتم على قومكم بما فيهم كفلاء، ككفالـة الحواريين لعيسى ابن مريم، وأنا كفيل على قومي ‏)‏ ـ يعنى المسلمين ـ قالوا ‏:‏ نعم ‏.‏ الصف

24. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah صدق الأنصار : ولما تم إبرام المعاهدة، وكان القوم على وشك الارفضاض، اكتشفها أحد الشياطين؛ قام ذلك الشيطان على مرتفع من الأرض،وصاح بأنفذ صوت سمع قط ‏:‏ يا أهل الجَبَاجب ـ المنازل ـ هل لكم في مُحمد والصباة معه ‏ ؟ ‏ قد اجتمعوا على حربكم ‏.‏ وعند سماع صوت هذا الشيطان قال العباس بن عبادة بن نضلة ‏:‏ والذي بعثك بالحق، إن شئت لنميلن على أهل منى غدًا باسيافنا ‏.‏ فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏:‏ ‏(‏ لم نؤمر بذلك، ولكن ارجعوا إلى رحالكم ‏)‏ ، فرجعوا وناموا حتى أصبحوا ‏.‏

25. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah The twelve men were sworn to act as surety over the affairs of their people just as the Christ’s disciples did, and the Prophet would act as surety over his people, meaning all the Muslims. The news of these secret desert meetings with the Yathribis leaked out. The Prophet immediately knew that it was a certain devil, inhabited in Al-‘Aqabah, who discovered their meeting. On hearing this, Al-‘Abbas bin Nadlah said "By Allah, Who has sent you in Truth, we are powerful enough to put the people of Mina (the Quraishites) to our swords tomorrow, if you desire." The Prophet said "We have not been commanded to follow that course. Now, back to your camps." They went back to sleep till morning. [Ibn Hisham 1/448]