1. Plant Reproduction “Sexual encounters of the floral kind”

2. Gardening Plants AnnualsAnnuals BiennialsBiennials PerennialsPerennials

3. Annuals 1 growing season Corn, marigolds Produces seeds for next year

4. Biennials Live 2 years Die back to roots Produce seeds 2 nd year Carrots Foxglove

5. Live more than 2 years Trees shrubs Perennials

6. Reproductive organs Gymnosperms- Cones Angiosperms flowers

7. Cones Male pollen zygotes land near ovules, sends a pollen tube and fertilizes eggs

8. Flowers There are many parts to know with 4 main structures

9. Sepals Leaves covering developing flower Calyx

10. Petals Colored part of flower Corolla advertises

11. Stamen Male part of flower Filament & Anther microsporangia

12. Stamen Stame picture

13. Carpel Female part of flower Pistil, ovary, stigma, style megasporangia

14. Carpel picture Carpel

15. Female Gametophyte Ovules go through meiosis 4 cells produced 3 die 8 nuclei in embryo sac

16. 6 go to opposite ends 2 stay in the center “Polar nuclei” 1 at lower end survives to become egg nucleus

17. Male Gametophyte Anther produce pollen chambers Microspore meiosis Each pollen grain splits

18. Pollen grains have 2 nuclei -Tube nucleus -Generative nucleus

19. Pollination Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

20. Self-pollination Same flower transfer pollen from anther to stigma heliconia

21. Cross Pollination Different flowers transfer pollen from anther to stigma

22. Fertilization Pollen on a stigma grows a pollen tube

23. Double fertilization 1 sperm → egg nucleus Embryo formed 1 sperm → polar nuclei Endosperm seed leaves Humans eat endosperm

24. Formation of seed

25. cotyledons Store food

26. epicotyl Plant stem -apical meristem

27. hypocotyl Plant stem

28. radicle Plant root

29. Seed Development

30. Germination Seeds soak water & crack seed coat Pushes through dirt to get to sun

31. Seed Dormancy Seed doesn’t germinate immediately

32. benefits Coconut- moves across ocean Temp changes cold Fires for pines

33. Vegetative Reproduction

34. Strawberries, Bamboo, banana make shoots

35. Cuttings Cut a stem with lateral buds & place in soil

36. Layering Make cuts in the plant and cover with root powder

38. Grafting & budding Cut one plant and insert into another.