1. Chapter 5 Lecture One of Two Myths of Creation: The Origins of Mortals ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

2. What about human beings? Why is our world the way it is? Where did we come from? Why are we here? Why are we unique? Why do we suffer? ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

3. PROMETHEUS, PROTECTOR OF MORTALS ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

4. Prometheus Not in Hesiod, who gives no account of our origins A curious omission. Why? Prometheus (“forethought”), the son of Iapetus and Themis, the Titans Made man from dust and water ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

5. Prometheus Marduk made man from the blood of Kingu (as a race of servants) Another variant: man is made by Enki and Ki as servants Then they made deformed humans in a drunken contest Hebrew account (II), man is made from dust and breath ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

6. Prometheus Prometheus is equivalent to Enki (Ea) — the clever creator Folktale character — the trickster Doublet brother is “Epimetheus” (idiot) ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

7. Prometheus At Meconê, Prometheus offered sacrifice bundles to Zeus and asked which Zeus preferred. Zeus chose the worse Etiological to explain why Greeks ate the meat and offered the bones and fat Hesiod protects Zeus by offering an explanation how Zeus could be “deceived.” ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

8. Prometheus: Protector of Mortals Outraged, he removes fire from the trees Prometheus sneaks some fire in a fennel stock to man Punished by being lashed to a rock — eagles ate his liver by day, which grew back at night ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

9. Fig. 5.2 Prometheus with Satyrs ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, UK

10. Fig. 5.1 Prometheus's punishment. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Vatican Museums; Scala / Art Resource, New York

11. Prometheus A play in a trilogy about Prometheus, the other two of which are lost – Aeschylus, The Prometheus Bound Zeus eventually learns to rule with justice Note also that mankind was allowed to evolve by Prometheus : he taught them all the civilized arts ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

12. Prometheus “Before [me], they had eyes that blankly gazed, ears hearing empty sound. Shapes in a dream, they blundered through long years...” He gave us understanding, and thereby all the arts Greek view of human evolution ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

13. Prometheus: Protector of Mortals Zeus allows Heracles (Greek spelling) to break the chains Prometheus told him from which female deity the threat to his rule would come : “Son greater than the father.” It’s Thetis, whom he then marries off to a mortal, Peleus: the son will be Achilles ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

14. PERSPECTIVE 5.1 Kratos: God of War ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

15. Kratos: God of War Kratos, one of the beings who punished Prometheus, is the star of a video game that takes great liberties with the original stock of myth. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

16. PANDORA ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

17. Pandora Two incompatible explanations of human suffering (1) Zeus is punishing us with Pandora (two stories) (2) built into the mechanism of time: The Ages ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

18. Pandora "Then the killer of Argus, the guide, the herald of gods, filled her with lies, with swindles, all sorts of thievish behavior, and named the woman Pandora (all gift), since all who dwell on Olympus gave her their gifts—a curse to men who must live by bread." ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

19. Fig. 5.3 Epimetheus and Pandora ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, UK

20. PERSPECTIVE 5.2 Prometheus and the Romantics ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

21. Perspective 5.2 ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Courtesy of the Everett Collection

22. Prometheus and the Romantics The figure of Prometheus was an important symbol for the Romantics in the 19th century: – Percy Shelley: Prometheus Unbound – Mary Shelley: Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

23. OBSERVATIONS Women as Containers ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

24. Pandora Pandora is punishment But there is also suddenly a box of evils that she opens Perhaps it’s just a metaphor and Pandora herself is the jar (see the discussion) All the jars contents released except “hope” Why hope? ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

25. Fig. 5.4 Women at a Well ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Musée du Louvre, Paris; Erich Lessing / Art Resource, New York

26. Fig. 5.5 Aphrodite sits on a chest with winged Eros in front of her. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. © The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2002

27. End ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.