1. SOUTHWEST NATIVE AMERICANS (PUEBLO AND APACHEAN) Unit 2: Native American Music

2. ^ Mississippi River ^ Sierra Nevada Mountains Location X Grand Canyon

3. Lifestyle Use of adobe, a mixture of clay and sand (examples=Hogan, Pueblo) Some originally “cliff dwellers” Pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni originally descended from Anasazi (many thousands of years ago), Navajo and Apache came from North later (about a thousand years ago) Villagers, farmers, and nomads. Mostly desert (valley and canyon)

4. Musical Styles: Pueblo Apachean Light nasal singing style Vocal ranges are mixed Unison singing with some responsorial singing Music used in elaborate, multi- day healing ceremonies Vocal style similar to Plains Lower range, “growling” Lengthy, complex melodies Each drum played by one person Rituals directed towards agriculture or crop cycles

5. Instruments Some use of flutes and whistles Drums, water drums, rattles, and bells used as accompaniment One or two-stringed Apache violin:  Only stringed instrument in Native American culture

6. Other Native American Melody Examples (Inspiration for your project!) Round Dance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzstaiJr5ZA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzstaiJr5ZA Most common symbolism: Circle is joining all people and culture into a universal cycle of life One foot drags to represent contact with “Mother Earth” Use of sidestep, grapevine, spiraling, follow the leader. Women’s Honoring Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1JB8dQNDTk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1JB8dQNDTk Composing is “remembering” a song, sometimes even “catching.” Honor, love, and respsect those who give life, raise, teach, protect, and nurture us.