1. MME 441 STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS ANANDH SUBRAMANIAM Assistant Professor Materials and Metallurgical Engineering INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPUR New Delhi- 110016 Ph: (+91) (512) 259 7215, Fax: (+91) (512) 259 7505 anandh@iitk.ac.in http://home.iitk.ac.in/~anandh/

2. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS  Prof. Gauthama Who developed this course contents and for his help with various aspects regarding this course  Prof. Rajesh Prasad For his guidance with teaching methodology and knowledge of Materials Science

3. UNIVERSE PARTICLES ENERGY SPACE FIELDS STRONG WEAK ELECTROMAGNETIC GRAVITY METAL SEMI-METAL SEMI-CONDUCTOR INSULATOR nD + t HYPERBOLIC EUCLIDEAN SPHERICAL GAS BAND STRUCTURE AMORPHOUS ATOMIC NON-ATOMIC STATE / VISCOSITY SOLIDLIQUID LIQUID CRYSTALS QUASICRYSTALS CRYSTALS RATIONAL APPROXIMANTS STRUCTURE NANO-QUASICRYSTALSNANOCRYSTALS SIZE

4. Common type of materials Metals Ceramics Polymers Composites Structure Properties Processing Performance The Materials Tetrahedron

5. METALLURGY PHYSICAL MECHANICAL ELECTRO- CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGICAL Extractive Casting Metal Forming Welding Powder Metallurgy Machining Structure Physical Properties Science of Metallurgy Deformation Behaviour Chemistry Corrosion

6. AtomStructure Crystal Electro- magnetic MicrostructureComponent Thermo-mechanical Treatments PhasesDefects+ Casting Metal Forming Welding Powder Processing Machining Vacancies Dislocations Twins Stacking Faults Grain Boundaries Voids Cracks + Residual Stress Processing determines shape and microstructure of a component

7. NucleusAtomCrystalMicrostructureComponent Defects Length Scales Involved