1. 1 Clauses Sentence Level Work

2. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 2 Aims What is a clause? What is a subordinate clause? How can we use them correctly?

3. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 3 Task 1 Jo was late for school. She forgot to set the alarm. Join these sentences together to make one sentence. You may add in any words except ‘and’, ‘but’ or ‘so’

4. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 4 Examples Jo was late for school because she forgot to set her alarm. Jo was late for school when she forgot to set her alarm. Jo was late for school having forgotten to set her alarm.

5. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 5 What is a clause? A clause is one part of a sentence. In the sentence we’ve looked at there are two clauses. Jo was late for school

6. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 6 What is a clause? A clause is one part of a sentence. In the sentence we’ve looked at there are two clauses. Jo was late for school (Clause 1)

7. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 7 What is a clause? A clause is one part of a sentence. In the sentence we’ve looked at there are two clauses. Jo was late for school (Clause 1) because she forgot to set her alarm.

8. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 8 What is a clause? A clause is one part of a sentence. In the sentence we’ve looked at there are two clauses. Jo was late for school (Clause 1) because she forgot to set her alarm. (Clause 2)

9. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 9 What are the clauses called? The clause which makes sense on its own- Jo was late for school - is called a MAIN CLAUSE.

10. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 10 What are the clauses called? The clause which doesn’t make sense on its own- because she forgot to set her alarm - is called a SUBORDINATE CLAUSE.

11. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 11 Task 2 Try to re-write the sentence. This time, start with the information about the alarm first and end with the information that Jo was late.

12. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 12 Examples Jo was late for school because she forgot to set her alarm. Jo was late for school when she forgot to set her alarm. Jo was late for school having forgotten to set her alarm.

13. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 13 Examples Because she forgot to set her alarm, Jo was late for school. When she forgot to set her alarm, Jo was late for school. Having forgotten to set her alarm, Jo was late for school.

14. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 14 Examples Because she forgot to set her alarm, Jo was late for school. When she forgot to set her alarm, Jo was late for school. Having forgotten to set her alarm, Jo was late for school. What do you notice about the difference in punctuation here?

15. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 15 Rule When beginning a sentence with a subordinate clause, it must be separated from the main clause by a comma. Because she forgot to set her alarm, Jo was late for school.

16. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 16 Task 3 Rewrite the sentence again. This time: Start with the word Jo Then add the information about the alarm Then finish with the information about her being late

17. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 17 Examples Jo was late for school because she forgot to set her alarm. Jo was late for school when she forgot to set her alarm. Jo was late for school having forgotten to set her alarm.

18. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 18 Examples Jo, because she forgot to set her alarm, was late for school. Jo, when she forgot to set her alarm, was late for school. Jo, having forgotten to set her alarm, was late for school.

19. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 19 Examples Jo, because she forgot to set her alarm, was late for school. Jo, when she forgot to set her alarm, was late for school. Jo, having forgotten to set her alarm, was late for school.

20. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 20 Examples Jo, because she forgot to set her alarm, was late for school. Jo, when she forgot to set her alarm, was late for school. Jo, having forgotten to set her alarm, was late for school.

21. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 21 Examples Jo, because she forgot to set her alarm, was late for school. Jo, when she forgot to set her alarm, was late for school. Jo, having forgotten to set her alarm, was late for school.

22. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 22 Rule When using a subordinate clause to split up a main clause, it must be separated on both sides by commas. Jo, because she forgot to set her alarm, was late for school.

23. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk 23 Task 4 The teacher looked up crossly. John walked in late. How many varieties of sentence can you create using these two clauses?