1. B.Kosel Paragraph building deductive pattern Sentences 1-2 a good topic (main idea) statement introduce the topic, complete statement of the main idea, not too much detail, use one or more key words, refine the topic(sentence 2), suggest how the topic will be developed: By comparison and contrast, By cause-and-effect analysis etc.

2. B.Kosel paragraph development Topic statement Supporting statements

3. B.Kosel Patterns of supporting statements Chronological description Cause and effect analysis Comparison and contrast Listing

4. B.Kosel Chronological description Time adverbs and phrases: in 1980, last week, at 10.15, first, second, finally, soon after the project began verb tense sequencing: Originally we wanted....more recently we have attempted, now we are trying, in the future we will try to

5. B.Kosel Cause and effect Connective words: therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, so, accordingly Subordinate clauses: since, because of Verbs: cause, result in, give rise to, afftect, require, produce

6. B.Kosel Comparison and contrast Connective words: however, on the other hand, in contrast, similarly, likewise Comparative constructions: more than, - er, as......as, less than, rather than, is different from, the more...... The less Subordinate clauses: while, whereas, but

7. B.Kosel Listing Parallel form: A is, B seems, C is also, D are also Order of importance: most important, of lesser importance, least important

8. B.Kosel From general to particular Each next sentence focuses on a smaller frame of reference

9. B.Kosel coherence Given.................................new Old.....................................new Old......................................new Old.....................................new

10. B.Kosel Useful internet pages www.gcal.ac.uk/coursework/writing/linking.htm l - www.flo-joe.co.uk/cae/students/writing/linking www.vuw.ac.nz/st_services/slss/ essay_writing/linking_words_phrases.html