1. PAPER SBI3U0-C Ms. Englehart Amrit and Abdullahi

2. What is Paper and its Plant Source  The plant that is used to make paper is a tree. The part of the tree that is used to make the paper is the wood pulp or the plant fibre.  Paper is a important material that humans use everyday of our lives.  Paper can used for: writing, drawing, money, just to name a few.

3. History of Trees: Growth, Appearance, Environmental Factors  The source of paper is trees. Trees are large plants. The part of the tree that is used to make the product is the wood pulp or the plant fibre.  Trees have been on earth for about 370 million years, and the average size of a tree is 70 to 100 meters. Trees have different growth patterns because they are many types of trees. Most trees grow about 4-7 meters a year.  Trees naturally occur in forests, but anybody can grow a tree on the yard.  The are many environmental factors that affect the growth of tree are: light, water, temperature and nutrition.  Light affects plant growth through: quantity of light, quality of light and duration of light. Light is important aspect of tree growth and as well as environmental factors.

4. History of Trees: Growth, Appearance, Environmental Factors  Light contributes to the growth because trees need sunlight to produce photosynthesis, and the more sun at plant receives the better the growth is. Trees need a good quality of light because too little sun is good for the plant and as well as too much light can be a problem. The duration of light is important because trees need exposure to light for a periods of time.  Temperature affects tree growth because plants need a certain temperature to grow in, most trees do not survive in cold conditions. They mostly grow in warm and moist conditions.  Nutrition affects tree growth, trees need water to grow.

5. History of the use of Trees in Canada and Worldwide/How it affects quality of Human Life  Trees are a huge part of human life. Trees are a huge oxygen source and without them we would not have enough oxygen on earth to sustain human life. Trees also help filter the air we breathe because in order to make oxygen, they use carbon dioxide.  This is also good for humans because if we breathe in too much carbon dioxide, and there is not enough oxygen to breathe, we would all die. Trees are also useful because many people use cars these days and cars expel carbon dioxide when used.  Trees take this excess carbon dioxide and make something useful out of it. The roots of trees help hold soil in place to prevent erosion which not only saves soil, but also keeps our water cleaner. For this reason, you may have noticed that water is usually cleaner when there are a lot of trees in an area.

6. History of the use of Trees in Canada and Worldwide/How it affects quality of Human Life  Trees have been used in many ways throughout the history of Canada. As a matter of fact, lumber is one of Canada’s major exports. Many jobs are available for people involving trees including loggers and tree planters. Not only do we sell it for money we also use it a lot in our daily lives.  Anyone who lives in Brampton knows that there is constant construction here, mostly houses. Well, the frames of these houses are created by wood as are many other things in them. Many things we eat also come from trees including maple syrup, apples, pears, walnuts, cherries, and even chewing gum.  Trees are also responsible for our country’s earliest beginnings. The European settlers would not be able to make the small villages and farms that created the great nation that we now call Canada without trees. They also used trees for firewood to help stay warm, and many of the animals they hunted resided in forests.

8. Steps on How to Make Paper  Paper is basically made form extracting from trees.  There are sent to paper mills were the tree barks are stripped from the tree  Then the bark is cut into pieces and thrown into a machine.  They boil the wood chips to produce slippery pulp.  Chemicals such as: starch and bonding agents are added to form paper.  http://www.technologystudent.com/images2/pa pman1.gif http://www.technologystudent.com/images2/pa pman1.gif

9. Chemical Waste Products  In 2006, the US pulp and paper industry generated over 200 million pounds of hazardous waste. Right now, pulp and paper mills put hundreds of thousands of pounds of this waste into giant incinerators for burning. Total Reduced Sulphurs (TRS’), produced when making paper is not harmful for the environment, it only lets off a foul odour that smells like cabbage.  Waste water from paper mills are known as “white water” usually contains aluminum, fine fibre, talc, etc. Some other chemicals released into the air during the making of paper are, carbon monoxide, ammonia, nitrogen oxide, mercury, nitrates, methanol, benzene, volatile organic compounds, sulfur dioxide and chloroform.  None of these chemicals, with the exception of sulfur dioxide, have any serious effects on the planet because they are released in low quantities. Many of them are lethal if breathed in in high quantities, however, Sulfur dioxide is a threat because it is known to be a cause of acid rain. There is also an issue of toxic waste being dumped into waterways without filtering or treatment.

10. Toxic Waste of Paper Making

11. Importance of Paper to Human Society  Paper is essential to everyday life because paper is what people write on. Paper is important to us because it allow us to write on something, easily able to store, and keep important knowledge.  Paper allows us humans to communicate and make connections between humans.  Paper is used in many ways such: writing work down, important documents, communication notes, diplomas and e.t.c. Paper is used for one of the most important uses in our lives which is currency. Money is made paper, which is made from trees. Paper is small, easy to read and transport.  Paper has been around for many centuries and humans need paper to depend on each day of their lives.  Approximately 98% of the world uses paper as way to communicate.

12. Bibliography  http://www.borealforest.org/school/trees.htm http://www.borealforest.org/school/trees.htm  http://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/june2011/paper mill.htm http://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/june2011/paper mill.htm  http://www.scribd.com/doc/86800238/Pulp-and- Paper-Mill-Waste http://www.scribd.com/doc/86800238/Pulp-and- Paper-Mill-Waste  http://legacy.forestprod.org/cdromdemo/pf/pf8.html http://legacy.forestprod.org/cdromdemo/pf/pf8.html  http://www.technologystudent.com/despro2/crdpap1.h tm http://www.technologystudent.com/despro2/crdpap1.h tm  http://earth911.com/recycling/paper/what-is-paper- and-how-is-it-made/ http://earth911.com/recycling/paper/what-is-paper- and-how-is-it-made/