1. NODOS Sacramento River Sediment Transport Characteristics- Implications for NODOS River Diversions to Sites Reservoir

2. North Of Delta Offstream Storage November through March diversions from the Sacramento River. Diversions will occur when sediment and flows are high. Three diversion points in the present formulation, the TCCA, GCID, and New Delevan Pipeline and Pumping Plant. Delevan will both divert water from river and release water when needed.

3. LOCATION MAP OF THE UPPER SACRAMENTO VALLEY

4. PROPOSED DIVERSIONS TO SITES RESERVOIR

6. OUTLINE TYPES OF SEDIMENT SEDIMENT SOURCES SACRAMENTO RIVER SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS PROPOSED DIVERSIONS SYNOPTIC SAMPLING PROGRAM SEDIMENT IN PROPOSED SITES DIVERSIONS

7. SUSPENDED SEDIMENT LOAD AND BEDLOAD “Suspended load is the amount of sediment transported in suspension. It is separate from bedload, which moves along the bottom. The amount of suspended sediment is dependent on the sources, and the ability of the river to maintain the sediment in suspension. On the Sacramento River, the relation between streamflow and suspended sediment is mostly due to dams and watershed characteristics and not carrying capacity. Bedload is dependent on the ability of the stream to transport the particle sizes in the streambed.”

8. BEDLOAD May deposit at the entrance. May plug or cover fish screens. May divert streamflow and cause the river to meander away from the intakes. Ongoing problem at the GCID and M&T facilities.

9. SUSPENDED LOAD Enters the forebay, where some of the load deposits. Most of the suspended sediment will go through the pumps and deposit in afterbays, canals, and reservoirs.

10. SUSPENDED SEDIMENT SOURCES RESERVOIR OUTFLOW TRIBUTARY WATERSHEDS SACRAMENTO RIVER BANK EROSION

11. SACRAMENTO RIVER SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS- WARNING!!!!!!! SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CURVES ALL SCREWED UP ABNORMAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT POOR CORRELATIONS BETWEEN FLOW AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT PRIMARILY DUE TO DAMS AND BANK EROSION

12. SHASTA AND KESWICK ON THE SACRAMENTO RIVER WHISKEYTOWN ON CLEAR CREEK BLACK BUTTE ON STONY CREEK OROVILLE ON THE FEATHER RIVER ENGLEBRIGHT ON THE YUBA NEW CAMP FAR WEST ON BEAR RIVER FOLSOM ON THE AMERICAN SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS- LARGE DAMS

13. SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS- TRIBUTARY WATERSHEDS SEDIMENT IN RIVER PRIMARILY FROM UN- DAMMED TRIBUTARIES HUMAN ACTIVITIES SUCH AS LAND USE, ROADS, MINING, TIMBER HARVESTING ETC. FLOODS AND FIRES LANDSLIDE DE-STABILIZATION EVENTS BANK STABILIZATION SUCH AS ROCK RIPRAP EASTSIDE VERSUS WESTSIDE

14. SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS- EARLY SEASON STORMS LAKE SHASTA FILLING TRIBUTARIES MAIN CONTRIBUTOR OF SEDIMENT WITH MINOR DILUTION FROM RESERVOIR RIVER HAS HIGH SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION WITH LOW TO MODERATE FLOW MORE SEDIMENT ON RISING LIMB

15. SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS- MID-TO-LATE SEASON STORMS HIGH SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION ON RISING LIMB FROM TRIBUTARIES SEDIMENT-FREE SHASTA FLOOD RELEASES REDUCE FALLING LIMB SEDIMENT

16. DRY-NORMAL-WET YEARS DRY– NO DAM FLOOD RELEASES AND MINIMUM FLOWS FROM DAM. MINIMAL SEDIMENT IN RIVER. NORMAL- FLOOD RELEASES NEAR END OF SEASON. MODERATE SEDIMENT. WET- FLOOD RELEASES MORE COMMON. HIGH SEDIMENT IN RIVER FROM TRIBUTARIES AND BANK EROSION. LOW FROM DAM RELEASES.

17. ANNUAL FLOW

18. RESULT NEED TO KNOW THE SYSTEM EXPECT LONG-TERM CHANGES NEED TO ACCOUNT FOR SHASTA DAM OPERATION NEED TO KNOW THE TRIBUTARIES SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER CHANGES DOWNSTREAM

19. STUDY REACH

20. SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REDDING TO RED BLUFF REACH MUCH MORE sediment when dam releases are low and tributaries are flooding LOWER sediment when releases are high and tributaries subsided NEARLY Sediment-free releases during summer HUGE effect on sediment curves- poor correlation between flow and sediment

21. COTTONWOOD CREEK But also Cow, Stillwater, Bear, Battle, Clear, not to mention Paynes, Blue Tent, Dibble, Reeds and Red Bank that are below the Bend Gage.

22. COTTONWOOD CREEK MAJOR SEDIMENT CONTRIBUTOR

23. RED BLUFF TO COLUSA MORE COMPLEX SINCE IT IS AN ALLUVIAL STREAM WITH BANK EROSION WITHIN A MEANDER BELT FLOOD PLAIN DEPOSITION LEVEES

25. IMPORTANCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT MORE MOISTURE MEANS MORE WEIGHT WATER LUBRICATES WATER REDUCES SURFACE TENSION BETWEEN CLAY PARTICLES POSITIVE PORE PRESSURE AS RIVER RECEDES RESULTS IN MORE BANK EROSION AND MORE SEDIMENT ON FALLING LIMB

26. TRIBUTARY SEDIMENT CONTRIBUTION RED BLUFF TO COLUSA EAST SIDE ANTELOPE MILL TOOMES DEER PINE BIG CHICO WEST SIDE RED BANK ELDER THOMES- Another major contributor STONY CREEK- Dams

27. THOMES CREEK “Thomes Creek has the highest sediment yield per unit area of any Sacramento Valley stream. In December 1964 it produced 67 million tons In a single storm event.”

28. CONVEYANCES FOR PROPOSED PROJECT TCCA- 2,100 CFS GCID- 1,800 CFS DELEVAN- 2,000 CFS

29. TCCA RED BLUFF DIVERSION 2100 CFS TO SITES ALONG TEHAMA-COLUSA CANAL. NEW PUMPING PLANT, SCREENS, FOREBAY TO BE COMPLETED IN 2012 WITH 2,500 CFS CAPACITY. NO MORE RBDD. SEDIMENT IN DIVERSION MOSTLY FROM TRIBUTARIES, SOME WHICH ARE NOT GAGED. GREATEST EFFECT ON RIVER GEOMORPHOLOGY

30. USBR SEDIMENT STUDY TCCA DEPOSITION IN FOREBAY

31. GCID HAMILTON CITY DIVERSION 1,800 CFS TO SITES ALONG GLENN-COLUSA CANAL PROPOSED TERMINAL REGULATING RESERVOIR PRIOR WATER COMMITMENTS, BUT DIVERSION CAPACITY ABOVE 3,000 CFS SEDIMENT FROM TRIBUTARIES (THOMES CR.) AND BANK EROSION

32. GCID DIVERSION

33. DWR PROPOSED DELEVAN PUMPING PLANT 2,000 CFS THROUGH TWIN 12-FOOT DIAMETER PIPELINES TO FUNKS RESERVOIR. BEDLOAD AND SUSPENDED LOAD FROM TRIBUTARIES AND BANK EROSION POTENTIAL BEDLOAD PROBLEM POTENTIAL MINOR MEANDER PROBLEM LEAST EFFECT ON RIVER GEOMORPH

34. DELEVAN PUMPING PLANT CURRENT DESIGN

35. DELEVAN PUMPING PLANT SACRAMENTO RIVER MEANDERS

36. SYNOPTIC SAMPLING PROGRAM SINGLE DEPTH-INTEGRATED SAMPLES USING USGS D-48 SUSPENDED SEDIMENT SAMPLER 2001 TO 2003 STORM EVENTS SAMPLED SAMPLED AT TCCA, GCID, AND DELEVAN DIVERSION SITES COMPARED TO USGS GAGING STATION DATA

37. PURPOSE OF SAMPLING COMPARE TO USGS GAGE DATA SAME ORDER OF MAGNITUDE MORE CONFIDENCE THAT GAGE DATA REPRESENTS SEDIMENT CONDITIONS AT THE DIVERSION POINT ALL SAMPLES PLOTTED WITHIN THE ENVELOPE OF THE USGS GAGE DATA

38. “FIRST CUT MODELING ANALYSIS” SACRAMENTO RIVER SEDIMENT IN DIVERSIONS NO CALSIM II AVAILABLE SIMPLIFIED ASSUMPTIONS 10,000 CFS FLOW MUST REMAIN IN RIVER PAST DELEVAN BEFORE ANY DIVERSIONS CAN TAKE PLACE SACRAMENTO RIVER DIVERSION FLOW TO TCCA FIRST, THEN GCID, THEN DELEVAN SPREADSHEET CALCULATES MEAN DAILY SEDIMENT AT BEND BRIDGE, HAMILTON CITY, AND BUTTE CITY NOVEMBER 1- MARCH 31 DIVERSION PERIOD 1964 TO 2007- 44 WATER YEARS OF DAILY DATA SIMULATED CALCULATES SEDIMENT IN DIVERSION BASED ON FLOW SPLIT BETWEEN RIVER AND DIVERTED AMOUNT SEDIMENT CALCS BASED ON USGS SEDIMENT SAMPLING

39. MEAN DAILY CALCULATION OF DIVERSION FLOW AND SEDIMENT WINTER DIVERSIONS OF FLOW AND SEDIMENT FOR TCCA, GCID, AND DELEVAN NOVEMBER 1 TO MARCH 31 WATER YEARS 1964 TO 2007 DATEBUTTE CITYTCCA GCID DELEVAN TCCAGCIDDELEVAN FLOW SEDIMENTFLOWSEDIMENTFLOWSEDIMENTNO DIVERSION CFS TONS/DAYCFSTONS/DAYCFSTONS/DAYDAYS 11/1/19638000000000111 11/2/19638000000000222 11/3/19638000000000333 11/4/19638000000000444 11/5/19638240000000555 11/6/19639500000000666 11/7/196310000000000777 11/8/19639240000000888 11/9/19639500000000999 11/10/1963113001300410000910 11/11/1963100000000001011 11/12/196389800000001112 11/13/196387200000001213 11/14/196389800000001314 11/15/196311800180010300001315 11/16/1963140002100911800213100171315 11/17/19631160016006000001316 11/18/1963108008002800001317 11/19/1963103003001200001318 11/20/1963160002100172180035120004181318 11/21/1963168002100103180025520004501318 11/22/1963129002100938009000131819 11/23/1963137002100187160026000131820 11/24/196325200210021018006442000831131820 11/25/196320400210012118003282000603131820 11/26/196315400210010218002431500296131820 11/27/196313700210096160019100131821 11/28/1963129002100968009000131822 11/29/1963121002100890000131923 11/30/1963118001800740000132024 12/1/1963116001600650000132125 12/2/1963113001300530000132226 12/3/1963111001100400000132327 12/4/196310300300110000132428 12/5/196310500500200000132529 12/6/196310800800320000132630 12/7/196310500500210000132731 12/8/1963111001100490000132832 12/9/1963113001300590000132933 12/10/1963116001600710000133034 12/11/1963113001300580000133135 12/12/1963113001300570000133236 12/13/1963116001600700000133337 12/14/1963116001600700000133438 12/15/1963116001600690000133539 12/16/1963116001600690000133640 12/17/1963116001600690000133741 12/18/1963116001600690000133842 12/19/1963113001300560000133943 12/20/1963116001600710000134044 12/21/1963116001600700000134145 12/22/1963116001600670000134246 12/23/1963111001100450000134347 12/24/1963111001100430000134448 12/25/196310800800320000134549 12/26/196310800800330000134650 12/27/196310800800330000134751 12/28/196310800800310000134852 12/29/196310500500180000134953 12/30/196310500500180000135054 12/31/196310500500160000135155

40. OUTPUTS DAILY AMOUNT OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT AT THE THREE GAGES AND IN DIVERTED FLOW AT TCCA, GCID AND DELEVAN DAILY DIVERTED STREAM FLOW AT EACH OF THE THREE DIVERSION SITES ANNUAL SEDIMENT IN DIVERSIONS NUMBER OF DIVERSION DAYS

41. BEND BRIDGE DAM EFFECTS TWO ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE LOW ESTIMATE OF SEDIMENT

42. USGS SEDIMENT SAMPLING BUTTE CITY LOG-LOG SCATTER PLOTS BEST FIT EQUATION LIMITED DATA DROUGHT “POOR CORRELATION “ “ORDER OF MAGNITUDE”

43. SIMULATED NODOS WINTER DIVERSIONS NOVEMBER 1 – MARCH 31, 1964 TO 2007 ANNUAL AVERAGES WATERBUTTE CITYTCCA GCID DELEVAN TCCA GCID DELEVAN YEARFLOW SEDIMENT FLOWSEDIMENT FLOWSEDIMENT DIVERSIONNO DIVERSIONDIVERSIONNO DIVERSIONDIVERSIONNO DIVERSION CFS TONSTONS/DAYCFSTONSTONS/DAYCFSTONSTONS/DAYDAYS 19641073184165634326276015015982605484672812314137 19652340010174533030080787809582843146149968777469826784 1966158601655179821201123335152237564169327813219104477675 19672163514903437622810996669844210421068667081153699528467 19681652910961973213071636774242618582153838863678450101 19693090614625464936211541127487471235206334136610843102499556 1970345611516980636491250161665107113082529841675111401084310249 1971247531634423052801293817495411335130982867126251104110546 1972111547086571433461078971318141939363883411724127 19732877718514195027815189494062915161689721119138131282312526 197442198200310655170617011901691259188130131019951447 71429 19752036013692816818779157009378748913736051084371806586 19769942710563237234507933742771186190411108143 197753877300000000115001510 19782396112323437122896688843588952146584971945785667873 197910560524462831326138639229919877132451063012124127 1980271441355537033539899886665092617606511581044792597378 198111670610772751413191741273832731718152993711431120 198231108188762290413159011997479516571929831278137141341713120 19834812818191426049441419236534156614743958052621134171262511437 198427911180148373318132310142666713171638821078140111163510447 198512437730934662520199251325472887419158934510642109 198628371972734144867721293238568202127851409757665866487 198794763712814192219101601891235882311202312815136 1988879039130152027010221672391306086321192312819132 198910053500474031334131028730318390122381133112026125 19907086129861663192213402388161213971444147 1991659723012778152551737150731948171341313812139 19928681409399526288117847827718417121311202612521130 19932040911542851718981364705429840111406738906172796586 19947274227104771302171149536742420131131388143 19953534412288965259495916550810969832818211866916084677675 1996177228143041220063556915374970124213817628954975299 1997257291190663064398951236358199371571941041965577747378 19983903713859447562610961892321253117430672720311044795569061 1999241981576380712521238722114781311123334817120311064510150 20002407310554901532284581364535865147261969777472796685 200190034133395222569550631981438395341172412717134 2002134948011033668497217671444684058226969824610538113 2003199771321234451559785878438995996131637995289627873 200423341134345466299980788725199301322968701054688637576 20051122770754143648014691973832386915858934510633118 20063040214406902645711541224688111230199445132110546100519457 200785562642371161364726319755163723128141379142 AVERAGE1995310283450022875165744435747107592712807167845992 SUM 1518006 2892718 4734061 350931352937370725904054

45. TCCA SUMMARY Sediment mostly from tributaries Sediment concentration dependent on where flows coming from Early season storms have high sediment concentration Rising limb of hydrograph carries more sediment Late season storms may have clear water dam releases on the falling limb Bank erosion not a major contributor to TCCA sediment Ungaged Tributaries between Bend gage and TCCA have high sediment yields. THESE DO NOT SHOW UP ON THE BEND GAGE!!!! TCCA sediment probably higher than calculated Moving the pumps above Red Bank Creek will help, but still have Reeds, Dibble, Blue Tent, Paynes Creeks Average flow to Sites during winter diversion 1028 cfs (310,000 AF) Average number of diversion days is 80 out of 151.25. Average annual sediment is 34,500 tons with a low of 30 (1977) to a high of 143,000 (1983)

47. GCID SUMMARY Bank erosion major contributor to sediment at GCID. Bedload deposition at inlet may restrict winter flows. Thomes Creek has very high sediment concentrations. Rising limb carries more sediment. Thomes has late season sediment from landslides in wet years that may persist for several months. Bank erosion sediment expected to be higher on falling limb for major storm events. Normally have 6 week downtime in winter for maintenance Average winter diversion is 751 cfs (225,300 AF). Average number of diversion days is 67 out of 151.25. Average sediment is 65,750 tons, varying from 0 (1977) to 236,500 (1983).

49. DELEVAN SUMMARY Sediment from bank erosion and tributaries Dam effects reduced by tributaries, distance, and bank erosion. Sediment 3X higher than TCCA High sediment yields should be a major factor in design of Delevan diversion facilities Average winter flow to Sites 747 cfs (224,100 AF) with a low of 0 (1977) and a high of 1881 (1974) Average sediment to Sites is 108,000 tons, with a low of 0 (1977) and a high of 396,000 (1983). Average number of diversion days is 59 out of 151.25.

50. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Human changes have affected the balance between erosion and deposition Floods, fires, timber harvesting, and landslides dramatically change sediment yields Dams capture sediment and release flows with low sediment concentrations. Dams also capture winter flow and release during summer. Sediment in diverted flow dependent on where flow is coming from Tributaries have high sediment compared to reservoir releases Sediment concentrations increase downstream Sediment movement changes dramatically from year to year Average annual winter diversion to Sites 2526 cfs (758,000 AF) Average annual yield of three diversions is about 208,000 tons, with a low of 30 (1977) to a high of 775,000.

51. RECOMMENDATIONS SEDIMENT SHOULD BE A MAJOR CONSIDERATION IN DESIGN OF FACILITIES WITH ENLARGED FOREBAYS OPERATIONAL DESIGN SHOULD INCLUDE SEDIMENT REMOVAL DURING WINTER OPERATIONS VERY LARGE VARIATION IN AMOUNT OF SEDIMENT ENTRAINED FROM YEAR TO YEAR REQUIRES A LARGE SEDIMENT STORAGE AREA. FLEXIBLE FINANCING IS NEEDED SINCE O&M COSTS WILL VARY HUGELY FROM YEAR TO YEAR SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION SHOULD BE USED AS A FACTOR IN FORMULATING WHEN DIVERSIONS OCCUR

52. NEXT STEP INTEGRATE LATEST NMFS BO AND OCAP INTO ANALYSIS USE LATEST CALSIM II (USRDOM) FLOW ANALYSES OF FUTURE CONDITIONS COORDINATE WITH USBR DENVER OFFICE

53. THE END