1. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

2. Overview

3. Overview (cont)

4. Biosynthetic Families Metabolic PrecursorsAmino Acids  -ketoglutarateGlutamate Glutamine Proline Arginine 3-PhophoglycerateSerine Glycine Cysteine

5. Biosynthetic Families (cont) Metabolic PrecursorsAmino Acids OxaloacetateAspartate, Asparagine Methionine, Threonine, Lysine PyruvateAlanine, Valine, Leucine Isoleucine

6. Biosynthetic Families (cont) Metabolic PrecursorsAmino Acids PhosphoenolpyruvateTryptophan and erythrose 4-phosphate Phenlyalanine Tyrosine Ribose 5-phophateHistidine

7.  Ketoglutarate Family  Ketoglutarate Glutamate GlutamineProlineArginine

8.  -Ketoglutamate to glutamate/glutamine Glutamate + NH 4 + + ATP Glutamine synthetase Glutamine + ADP + Pi + H +  -Ketoglutamate + glutamine + NADPH + H + Glutamate synthase 2 glutamate + NADP +

9.  -Ketoglutamate to glutamate/glutamine Net Reaction:  -Ketoglutarate + NH 4 + + NADPH + ATP L-glutamate + NADP + + ADP + Pi

10.  Ketoglutarate Family  Ketoglutarate Glutamate GlutamineProlineArginine

11. Synthesis of Proline

13. Synthesis of Arginine

15. 3-Phosphoglycerate Family 3- Phosphoglycerate Serine GlycineCysteine

16. Synthesis of Serine and Glycine

17. Synthesis of Cysteine

18. Oxoloacetate Family Oxaloacetate Aspartate AsparagineMethionineLysineThreonine

19. Synthesis of Aspartate and Asparagine Oxaloacetate Aspartate Transamination from glutamate Amidation with Glutamine donating NH 4 + Asparagine

20. Synthesis of Lysine, Methionine, and Threonine See handout

21. Pyruvate Family Pyruvate AlanineValineLeucineIsoleucine

22. Synthesis of Alanine Pyruvate Alanine Transamination from glutamate

23. Synthesis of Isoleucine, Valine,and Leucine See handout

24. Phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate Family Phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose 4-phosphate Chorismate TryptophanTyrosinePhenylalanine

25. Synthesis of Chorismate

26. Synthesis of Tryptophan

27. Synthesis of Tyrosine and Phenylalanine

28. Synthesis of Tyrosine and Phenylalanine (cont)

29. Biosynthesis of Histidine See handout

30. Possible Test Questions 1)Provide the 6 metabolic precursors and the amino acids which they lead to. 2)Duplicate the Amino Acid Synthesis Overview Flow Chart. Expand the sections need to show the synthesis of Glutamate, Glutamine, Proline, Arginine, Serine, Cysteine, Glycine, and starting from Chorismate Tryptophan, Tyrosine and Phenylalanine. (40 points!!)