2. Protein Synthesis How’d you do?

3. Nucleus Part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA never leaves the nucleus. To make proteins, the information from DNA is copied, and that copy leaves to assemble the protein.

4. Ribosome Part of the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein. The ribosome is where the mRNA and tRNA meet. The mRNA brings the information for the right sequence of amino acids. The tRNA brings the amino acids.

5. DNA Nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose. DNA has the bases A, T, C, and G. DNA is double stranded and contains over 20,000 genes. Each gene is responsible for making one protein.

6. Transcription Process where an mRNA copy of one side of a DNA gene is made in the nucleus. To make one protein, one copy of one gene is made in the form of mRNA. DNA is copied into mRNA to transport the message.

7. Messenger RNA Type of RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to the ribosome. This copy holds the original base sequence from DNA (except T’s are switched to U’s) that will make the correct protein. Each 3-base sequence, called a Codon, will attract a specific amino acid.

8. Translation Process where proteins are assembled on the ribosome. The cell is literally “translating” from the language of bases to the language of amino acids. mRNA brings the bases, tRNA brings the amino acids, and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) makes sure the two communicate properly.

9. Transfer RNA Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. On one side is a three base sequence (an Anticodon) that’s the exact opposite of the mRNA Codon it’s supposed to match with. On the other side is a very specific amino acid. When the Anticodon matches with the mRNA Codon, the amino acid is now placed in that position, as well!

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