1. Physical Activity Injuries

2. Weather Related Risks Hot Weather Cold Weather

3. Hot Weather Health Risks Overexertion – Overworking the body Heat Exhaustion – overheating of the body results in cold, clammy skin and symptoms of shock Caused by overexertion in a hot, humid atmosphere Heat Cramps – muscle spasms that result from a loss of large amounts of salt and water through perspiration Heatstroke – a condition in which the body loses the ability to rid itself of excess heat through perspiration Hyperthermia – a sudden increase in body temperature Concerns: Dehydration – excess loss of fluids from the body Smog or air pollution

4. Cold Weather Health Risks Frostbite – body tissue becomes frozen Most often occurs in ears, fingers and toes Frostnip – whitening of the skin of the toes, fingers and ears Early warning sign of frostbite Hypothermia – condition in which the body temperature becomes dangerously low Body systems shut down as body loses the ability to warm itself Disorientation and confusion occur

5. Dressing for Cold Weather Wear a hat 70% of the body’s heat is lost through the head Layers 1. Pull moisture and perspiration away from your body (Dri–Fit, ClimaCool or Under Armour) 2. Middle layer should provide insulation (Wool fabrics) 3. Last layer should keep wind and water out (Coated nylon)

6. Wind and Sun Windburn – skin is exposed to freezing wind, causing skin to become red, tight and sore to the touch Sunburn – burning of the outer layers of the skin Mild sunburn makes the skin red and sore Severe causes blistering, swelling and pain Can lead to Skin Cancer Protect yourself: 10am to 4pm are the most dangerous times to be in the sun Wear protective clothing Use sunscreen and lip balm with an SPF of atleast 15 Apply sunscreen 30 minutes before and every 2 hours

7. Minor Injuries Muscle cramp – a spasm or sudden tightening of a muscle Results from tired, overworked or dehydrated muscles Treatment: Drink cool water Massage the sore muscle Strain – a condition resulting from damaging a muscle or a tendon Sprain – an injury to the ligament surrounding a joint Symptoms include pain swelling and difficulty moving

8. R.I.C.E. R est – avoid using the effected muscle or joint I ce – ice helps reduce pain and swelling 20 minutes on then 20 minutes off Repeat this for 72 hours every three hours C ompression – light pressure can reduce swelling Wrap effected area with an elastic bandage E levation – raising the effected area above the heart can reduce pain and swelling

9. Major Injuries Fractures – any break in a bone Requires immobilization to heal properly Dislocation – a bone is forced from its normal position at a joint Usually causes a “popping” sound A doctor must put it back in place Tendonitis - tendons are stretched or torn from overuse Tendons – bands of fiber that connect muscles to bones Concussions – results from a blow to the head and causes swelling of the brain Seek a medical professional if you experience dizziness or memory loss

10. Book Work Chapter 4, Lesson 5: Review the chapter and vocabulary Complete lesson review 1 – 5 on page 103